St. Mary's Church (Dedham, Massachusetts)

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St. Mary's Church
St. Mary of the Assumption Church
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Location Dedham, Massachusetts
Country United States
Denomination Roman Catholic
Website www.StMaryDedham.com
History
Founded 1866
Founder(s) Father Patrick O’Beirne
Dedication Assumption of Mary
Dedicated September 9, 1900
Architecture
Architect(s) P.B. Ford
Administration
Diocese Archdiocese of Boston
Province Boston
Clergy
Archbishop Cardinal Seán Patrick O'Malley
Pastor(s) William T. Kelly, STD

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St. Mary of the Assumption Church (commonly referred to as St. Mary's) is a Roman Catholic church in Dedham, Massachusetts and the Archdiocese of Boston. The first church was constructed in Dedham Centre in 1857 and it was formally established as a parish in 1866.

In 1880 the parish built a larger church on High Street, towards East Dedham. The laying of the cornerstone for this "cathedral in the wilderness" attracted more than 4,000 people, and special trains were run from Boston and Norwood. The new church would not be completed until 1900, and was dedicated by Archbishop Sebastiano Martinelli, the papal delegate. Today the church hosts one of the largest Life Teen programs in the country.

Early history

The history of Catholicism in Dedham begins in 1758, only 120 years after the settlement of the Contentment Plantation and fully two decades before the American Revolution. During the French and Indian War the British expelled over 11,000 Acadians from what is today Nova Scotia. Eleven of them resettled in Dedham, and though the town and the Massachusetts Bay colony were both officially Congregationalist, they were allowed to reside here as French neutrals,[1] until they returned to Canada in 1760.[2] For the next century the few Catholics who lived in Dedham would have to travel 16 miles to St. Joseph's in Roxbury to attend Mass.[2][1]

The first Mass in Dedham was celebrated in 1843 in the home of Daniel Slattery with eight Catholics present.[1][3][2] For the next three years Slattery’s 17-year-old brother-in-law would bring Fr. James Strain from Waltham and back each Sunday to minister to the needs of the small congregation.[1][3]

By then, in 1846, the Catholic community in Dedham was well established enough that the town became part of the mission of St. Joseph’s Church in Roxbury.[1] The flood of Irish immigrants escaping the potato famine necessitated holding Mass in the Temperance Hall, often by Father Patrick O’Beirne,[1][4][5][6] and occasionally in the Crystal Palace on Washington Street.[2] Parishioners came from Dedham, South Dedham, West Dedham, and West Roxbury.[2] During the Civil War, "no church in Dedham lost so many men in proportion to their numbers."[1]

First church

File:First church building of St. Mary's parish in Dedham, Massachusetts.gif
The first St. Mary's Church

The number and devotion of the first parishioners permitted a church to be constructed within 10 years.[7] In 1857, the first St. Mary’s Church was constructed on Washington Street between Spruce and Marion Streets.[1][8][7] The wooden structure sat 600 people.[7][4] The first mass was celebrated there on Christmas.[6]

Parish growth

The large growth in the number of Catholics in the area in the middle of the 19th century made the original St. Mary's too small. During this time, St. Mary's was responsible for the mission in South Dedham, which later separated and became the Town of Norwood.[1] Like those closer to the center of town, South Dedhamites would travel to either Roxbury or to nearby Canton for Mass, but eventually Mass was offered several times a year in the home of Patrick Fahey. By 1860, a priest was available to say mass in South Dedham every other week.[9]

Only six years after building the first church, another building was purchased from the Unitarians of South Dedham at the site of the present day St. Catherine's rectory.[9][7] Named for St. Catherine of Siena, it was dedicated on August 3, 1863.[9] The Town of Norwood broke away from Dedham in 1872, and St. Catherine's was established as a separate parish in 1890.[10] In 1880, in addition to St. Catherine's, the pastor of St. Mary's was also responsible for churches in East Dedham and West Roxbury.[11][4]

During this decade, Fr. Johnson was publicly raising the issue of discrimination against Catholics in the public schools. In 1885, as a member of the School Committee,[nb 1] he claimed the principal of the Avery School ridiculed Catholic students,[12] and several years later had a lengthy debate with a Protestant minister via letters in the Dedham Standard about the "rank misrepresentation of the Catholic Church" in a history book adopted by the School Committee.[13]

In 1890 there were an estimated 2,000 parishioners, including 957 Irish, 250 English-speaking Canadians, 58 French,19 Italians and 1 Portuguese.[3] There were 400 students in the Sunday School classes in 1884.[14] In 1901, an unusual double marriage ceremony took place where two sisters, Frances and Mary Curtis, married two men during a single mass.[15]

Daughter congregations

There have been a total of three congregations that have had territory partially split off from St. Mary's: St. Raphael's in East Dedham (1878), West Roxbury's St. John Chrysostom (1952),[16] and St. Susanna's in the Riverdale section of Dedham.

St. Raphael's

File:A map of East Dedham, Massachusetts, showing St. Raphael's Church.png
A map from 1888 showing St. Raphael's Church in a red circle at top left

Due to the growth of the Catholic population, about 200 parishioners in East Dedham were reassigned in January 1878 to Fr. Richard Barry's care in the Germantown Association's Chapel (St. Theresa's Church[7]) in West Roxbury.[17] On October 28, 1878, St. Raphael's Chapel was established on Thomas Street[7] in East Dedham[11][18][4] with the territory that had been broken off from St. Mary's.[19] Dedicated by Archbishop Williams,[11] St. Raphael's sat about 400 people,[19] and in 1880 they added a hall for the amusement of young men at a cost of $8,000.[11]

Many were not pleased with the change,[17] and the first mass was attended by only six people.[11] A petition was presented to Archbishop Williams asking him to reunite the parishes, and proposing to transform the chapel that had been erected into a school.[20]

The new parish sponsored Court 26 of the Catholic Orders of Foresters.[21] The Court survived the Church, staying active at least into the 1920s.[22] After it burned to the ground on December 17, 1887, St. Raphael's was merged back into St. Mary's.[23][8]

St. Susanna's

By the 1930s St. Mary's was one of the largest parishes in the Archdiocese with over 6,000 parishioners and 1,300 students in Sunday School.[24] During the middle of that decade there were four priests and six nuns ministering to the congregation.[24] In the 1950s it became clear that a second parish was needed in Dedham,[nb 2] and so St. Susanna's was established in 1960 to serve the needs of the Riverdale neighborhood.[27] When St. Susanna's opened it had 300 families, while 2,500 stayed at St. Mary's.[28]

Present building

File:Married Couple Kiss in St. Mary's Church in Dedham, MA.jpg
A newly married couple in St. Mary's

In 1867 a house was purchased on High Street by Fr. John Brennan and was converted into a rectory.[1][4][5] In February 1880 it was announced that a Protestant who had business in Boston had paid off the parish's $700 debt, allowing the congregation to commence work on a new building.[29]

A building used as a bath by male parishioners of St. Raphael's in East Dedham was torn down on October 10, 1880 in order to be used as a staging ground for the construction of the new church.[30]

Charles Logue, who built numerous churches in the Greater Boston area as well as Fenway Park, died in the arms of his son while inspecting the roof of St. Mary's in 1919.[31][32][33]

Construction

The current church was constructed next door to the rectory Fr. Brennan established on High Street.[14] The footprint of the Gothic church, which Fr. Johnson said was to be a "cathedral in the wilderness,"[28][34] measures 150' long by 65' wide, and the bell tower is 164' tall.[35][14] The apex of the ceiling is 80'[36] and it has the longest aisle in the Archdiocese of Boston.[37] It was at the time, and remains today, "the largest and most imposing church in the town"[14] and "one of the most conspicuous edifices" in the town.[38]

There are four large doorways facing High Street, and granite buttresses give the church "an appearance of strength and solidarity."[39] The doors, like the pews, were made of polished oak.[39] The altar was carved from Caen stone,[38][39] and the altar rail of green onyx.[38] Today one of those doors is permanently shut as that portion of the vestibule has become a Reconciliation room, and the altar rail has been moved down to the space in front of the front pew. As built, it had a seating capacity of 1,200 in the vestry and 1,500 in the church proper.[38][39] An organ sits high above the nave[38][39] in a choir loft that can hold 50 singers.[36]

The broad front stairs originally pointed out away from the Church with a brass railing in the middle,[39] but due to a widening of High Street in the 1920s they were turned to run parallel with the street. When built, the church was said to be fireproof with "ventilation and heating system of the best, and the acoustic properties unexcelled."[39] The windows are of "rolled cathedral stained glass"[36] and were made by Tyrolese Art Glass Company,[nb 3][nb 4] a company from Innsbruck, Austria.[42][43]

The interior walls were plastered by William Gould, an escaped slave who settled in Dedham.[44][45][46] One of Gould's employees improperly mixed the plaster and even though it was not visible by looking at it, Gould insisted that it be removed and reapplied correctly at his own great expense.[44] Lining the Church are fluted Grecian columns[39] and seven arches.[36]

The new church was designed by P.B. Ford, and architect with offices on School Street in Boston,[36] and built by Welch and Delano.[47] They were charged with hiring 18 Dedham men to complete the basement, as well as a master mechanic to serve as superintendent.[48] Construction began on June 28, 1880,[48] and in 1883 The Dedham Transcript wrote that "The plastering of the new catholic church is nearly finished,, the windows put in place, and everything betokens an early occupancy of the basement."[45] The church, though "in constant use,"[3] would not be completed for another 20 years after the cornerstone was laid.[1]

Cornerstone ceremony

File:Page 4 of the Sanborn Fire Insurance Map Showing Dedham, MA, in September 1892.pdf
A map from September 1892 showing the "not entirely finished" church and the parochial hall

The cornerstone of the present church was laid at 3:00 on October 17, 1880 by Archbishop John Williams.[35] A crowd of between 4,000 and 5,000 people attended,[35] and special trains were run from Boston and Norwood to accommodate all those who wished to attend.[1][30] It was one of the largest gatherings in Dedham's history.[47]

The congregation marched from their present building on Washington Street to the site of the new Church on the High Street for the ceremony.[35] Included in the procession were the Holy Name Society, the Young Men's Lyceum, the Rosary Society, the Young Ladies Solidarity, St. Aloysius Society of Boys, and the Children of Sacred and Holy Angels Solidarity.[47]

The crowd included many of the leading citizens of Dedham[1] as well as 30 priests.[35][47] The clergy included St Mary's pastor, Fr. Robert Johnson, Fr. Theodore Metcalf of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross who served as Master of Ceremonies, and Fr. Joseph Henning of Roxbury who gave a homily.[35] The Cathedral choir sang and Higgins's band provided music,[35] as did the united choirs of Dedham.[47] Theodore Metcalf was a descendant of Michael Metcalf, a signer of the Dedham Covenant and the first teacher in Dedham, the first public school in America.[1]

Williams blessed the cornerstone and the place where the foundation was to be poured, as well as the white cross that marked the location of the future altar.[47]

Dedication

File:Dedication of St Mary's Church in Dedham, Massachusetts.png
A drawing from page 7 of the September 10, 1900, issue of the Boston Daily Globe depicting the Dedication of St Mary's Church in Dedham, Massachusetts

The upper church was completed and dedicated by Archbishop Williams on September 9, 1900 at 10:00 a.m.[34][39] In addition to Williams, Archbishop Sebastiano Martinelli, the papal delegate to the United States, attended, as did Bishop Denis Mary Bradley of New Hampshire, and many prominent citizens of the Town, including Protestants.[39] The dedication packed the church, requiring many to stand.[39]

The ceremony began with a procession of clergy from the rectory to the church, where a prayer was chanted on the porch at the top of the stairs.[39] The clergy then walked around the building, blessing the walls with holy water.[39] Back on the porch, the litany of the Saints was said before the interior walls were sprinkled with holy water.[39] A final prayer was said in the sanctuary to complete the dedication.[39]

Martinelli then said the first mass in the upper church with a number of clergy from the surrounding areas present.[39] Music was provided by a choir of 30, plus four soloists and part of the Germania Orchestra of Boston.[39]

In his homily, which the Boston Globe published, Bradley said that

Today, my beloved brethren, like unto Solomon on the occasion of the dedication of the Great Temple of Jerusalem, your zealous Pastor proclaims that you have built a house in God’s name . . . To you has been reserved the privilege of offering to God a house as worthy of His Name as this beautiful structure in which we are assembled this morning.[1][39]

After Mass, at 4:00, about 200 children were confirmed, and solemn vespers were sung in the evening.[39]

Cost and fundraising

After the cornerstone laying, a dinner was held at a local hall where $1,250 was donated.[35] The largest donation of $100 came from Timothy Callahan, and he received a golden trowel for his gift.[35]

Albert Nickerson, a member of Dedham's St. Paul's Episcopal Church, donated $10,000 towards the effort.[1][4] The Dedham Granite for the outer walls was donated by another Protestant, John Bullard,[1][4] who did not live to see the church completed.[39] In 1886 it was estimated the cost would be $100,000,[36] by 1890 the cost was reported to be $125,000,[49] and at the dedication in 1900 it stood at $250,000.[38]

Fundraisers, including a "grand coffee party" in Memorial Hall, were held for years to come to pay for the edifice and drew people not only from Dedham, but from many surrounding communities.[50]

Lower church

While the upper church was still under construction, the lower church was used for Mass and the upper portion for various fairs and other gatherings.[1] The first mass was said in the lower church at 10:30 a.m. on October 24, 1886.[6] The crowd was overflowing, and included 20 Protestants, many of local importance, and a choir from St. Peter's in South Boston.[6]

In 2010, the parish sold the parking lot across High Street to the Town of Dedham and a housing developer. The proceeds were used to demolish the old school building, and to re-purpose the lower church. Half of the lower portion of the church is a clubhouse for the LifeTeen program, and the other half is a multipurpose gathering space known as Mary Hall.[1]

The pews from the lower church were salvaged and reused. Some became wall paneling and table stock for fast food restaurants, and others were transformed into serving boards for high-end restaurants.[51] The pew ends were sold as is.[51]

2015 painting

File:Ceiling above the altar at St. Mary's Church in Dedham, MA.jpg
Ceiling above the altar.

After consulting with the Parish and Finance Councils and holding a parish-wide Town Hall Meeting in the spring of 2014, Pastor William Kelly proposed repainting the interior of the Upper Church for the first time in over 25 years.[52] It was originally painted with vibrant colors and patterns, but in the 1970s was completely painted in white with gold trim. As reasons for undertaking the project Kelly cited the need to maintain the physical structure of the church, the upcoming 150th anniversary of the parish, long-term planning and the collaborative process by which St. Mary's and nearby St. Susana's would come under a single pastor, and beauty in itself being "a fundamental element for our human, spiritual and intellectual happiness."[52]

The cost was projected to be $300,000 and pledges were requested.[52] The donations and pledges made were insufficient, however, so the plans were scaled back, a loan was taken out to cover the remainder, and a second collection was instituted once a month.[53] As conducted, the project included the four walls of the church and the sanctuary, the two side altars, Stations of the Cross, the ceilings in the side aisles, and the center columns as high as the capitals.[53] The center arches, main ceiling and choir loft were not included.[53] The painting included many colors, and white stars painted on a blue background above the altar. Children of the parish were invited to sponsor a star.[54] The project began on January 5, 2015[55][56] by the Graham Company and finished by the end of March.[57]

Parish

Pastor Years
Patrick O'Beirne 1846–1866[4][5]
John P. Brennan 1866–1877[4][5]
D.J. Donovan 1877–1878[4][5][nb 5]
Robert J. Johnson 1878–1890[4]
John H. Fleming 1890[4]–1923[7]
Henry A. Walsh 1923–1929[7]
George P. O'Connor 1929[24]–1943[58]
Monsignor Mark C. Driscoll 1943-1960[58]
Monsignor Edward C. Bailey 1960-[nb 6]
John Anthony Dooher[59] 1996–2006
William Williams 2007–2010
William T. Kelly[60] 2010–2016

In 2006, the parish served 2,329 families,[61] and in 2015 it sponsored 38 ministries in six categories: prayer, liturgical, social, outreach, health and wellness, and parishioner sponsored.[62]

Life Teen

One of the largest ministries in St. Mary's today in its Life Teen program, which ministers to high school aged youth. It was founded in September 1997 by Fr. Chris Hickey, then-pastor John Dooher, and youth minister Seán Flynn. The teens' "enthusiasm for church has brought a special vibrancy" to the parish.[59] A Life Teen mass is offered on Sunday evenings and features a live band, and is then followed by social and catechitical sessions known as Life Nights.[59] Participants have their own prayer night, perform community service, and gather to socialize in their clubhouse.[59]

Convent and parish office

Behind the church on Avery Street is the Parish Office. It was previously a convent that housed the nuns who taught in the parish school. The stained glass windows in the building were done by Chartrand.[63]

Cemetery

In 1880, the Town of Dedham set aside a portion of Brookdale Cemetery, just a block away from St. Mary's, for Catholics to be buried.[1] Under the pastorate of Fr. John H. Fleming (1890-1923), the parish purchased its own cemetery just over the border in West Roxbury.[1] It still operates the cemetery on Grove Street today.

Schools

St. Mary's School and Asylum

Though not sponsored by the parish, in 1866 the Sisters of Charity founded the St. Mary's School and Asylum at what was formerly Temperance Hall, where some of the first Masses were said in Dedham two decades before.[5] The land was sold to them[nb 7] for $1 by Martin Bates who, out of a "spirit of vindictiveness,"[65] gave it to the Sisters because the Town of Dedham would not purchase the run down building from him at his asking price.[66][67] Bates, who was not Catholic, had previously tried selling the building at auction, but could find no buyer willing to pay a price equal to his mortgage.[68] At news of the sale, the Dedham Gazette wrote in an editorial:

Whatever prejudices may naturally exist against the establishment of a Roman Catholic School in so central a location, the community cannot but feel that the transformation of a building recently used only for the indiscriminate sale of liquors into an institution founded for 'promoting virtue, learning and piety in the town of Dedham' is an object worthy only of the most exalted motives, and in this view should be accepted as a public blessing.[68]

Soon after Sister Catherine of Syracuse, New York, Sister Veronica of Troy, New York, and Sister Anselm of Chicago, Illinois, arrived on July 20, 1866, they endeared themselves to the community.[69] One year later, the school was educating 60 girls and was home to 10 orphans.[69][70] By 1871, the first parochial school in Norfolk County[71] was winning praise in the press for "elevating the foreign class both intellectually and morally."[72]

The school held a number of fundraisers,[72] but with the heavy debt of the parish the school closed on June 27, 1879.[72][70][66][67] The closure was intended to be temporary,[66] but it never reopened.[4] The building was sold in 1905.[73]

The School's superiors included Sisters Mary Ann Alexis, Mary Frances, and Mary Vincent, and its the teachers included Sisters Mary Josephine, Mary Martin, Mary Genevieve, Mary Theotina, Mary Victorina, and Mary Vincent, among others.[73]

Parochial school

A parochial school was started in 1932 by Fr. George P. O'Connor and run by the Sisters of St. Joseph.[70] For the first few years the school was limited by the lack of space, but on June 16, 1935, the cornerstone for a new school was laid using the same golden trowel and ivory handle that was used in 1880 for the church.[74]

A new school building was constructed in 1958,[1] but in 1973 it was announced the school would close in 1975.[75] The building building was razed in 2010,[1][76] but in the 1990s it was used by the British School of Boston, the Rashi School, a Boston area Reform Jewish K-8 independent school.

Gallery

  • The altar at St. Mary's Church in Dedham, MA.jpg
  • View from the vestibule in at St. Mary's Church in Dedham, MA.jpg
  • View of the back wall in St. Mary's Church in Dedham, MA.jpg
  • View from the choir loft in St. Mary's Church in Dedham, MA.jpg

Notes

  1. ↑ Johnson served two terms, from 1884 to 1890.
  2. ↑ The population of the town as a whole more than doubled between 1930[25] and 1970.[26]
  3. ↑ Also known in German as the Tiroler Glasmalerei Anstalt.
  4. ↑ The Tyrolese Art Glass Company was a leader in the use of style of composition and painting techniques which became known as the Munich Style,[40] which was very popular at the time.[41]
  5. ↑ January 1877 to August 1888[5]
  6. ↑ He served at least until 1960."[58]
  7. ↑ Actually sold to Ann Alexis Shorb, Andrea Corry, and Aloysia Reed as trustees.[64]

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Smith 1936, p. 100.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Byrne, Leahy, Dowling, Young, and Finen 1899, p. 324.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 Byrne, Leahy, Dowling, Young, and Finen 1899, p. 323.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Hurd 1884, p. 78.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Smith 1936, p. 101.
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  13. ↑ Johnson 1889, p. 18.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Hurd 1884, p. 79.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
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  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.7 35.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
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  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ 39.00 39.01 39.02 39.03 39.04 39.05 39.06 39.07 39.08 39.09 39.10 39.11 39.12 39.13 39.14 39.15 39.16 39.17 39.18 39.19 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
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  64. ↑ Austin 1912, p. 159.
  65. ↑ Austin 1912, p. 160.
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  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Austin 1912, p. 161.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Austin 1912, p. 162.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 Smith 1936, p. 138.
  71. ↑ Lord, Sexton, and Harrington 1944, p. 316.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Austin 1912, p. 164.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Austin 1912, p. 165.
  74. ↑ Smith 1936, pp. 138-139.
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Works cited

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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