Stuart period

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Stuart period
1603–1714
Preceded by Elizabethan era
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Followed by Georgian era
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The Stuart period of British history usually refers to the period between 1603 and 1714 and sometimes from 1371 in Scotland. This coincides with the rule of the House of Stuart, whose first monarch of Scotland was Robert II but who during the reign of James VI of Scotland also inherited the throne of England. The period ended with the death of Queen Anne and the accession of George I from the House of Hanover. The Stuart period was plagued by internal and religious strife, and a large-scale civil war.

Significant events of the period

English civil war - War of the Three Kingdoms

The English Civil War(s) took place during the reign of Charles I, the second Stuart monarch. The war ended in victory for the Parliamentarians. Charles was executed in 1649.

After this conflict, the line of Stuart monarchs was temporarily displaced by the Commonwealth of England. Their rule lasted from 1649 to 1660. Oliver Cromwell ruled directly from 1653 to 1658. After Cromwell's death the Commonwealth fell apart. The Convention Parliament welcomed Charles II, son of Charles I, to return from war and become king. This event was known as the English Restoration.

Anglo Dutch Wars

The Anglo-Dutch Wars were a series of three wars which took place between the English and the Dutch from 1652 to 1674. English defeats forced Charles II to sign for peace and led to Dutch domination of sea trading routes until 1713.[1]

Glorious Revolution of 1688

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Historians have long regarded the overthrow of King James II in 1688 as a decisive break in English history, especially as it made Parliament supreme over the King. Pincus argues that this revolution was the first modern revolution; it was violent, popular, and divisive. He rejects older theories to the effect that it was an aristocratic coup or a Dutch invasion. Instead, Pincus argues it was a widely supported and decisive rejection of James II. The people could not tolerate James any longer. He was too close to the French throne; he was too Roman Catholic; they distrusted his absolutist modernisation of the state. What they got instead was the vision of William of Orange, shared by most leading Englishmen, that emphasized consent of all the elites, religious toleration of all Protestant sects, free debate in Parliament and aggressive promotion of commerce. Pincus sees a dramatic transformation that reshaped religion, political economy, foreign policy and even the nature of the English state.[2][3]

Timeline

1603-1625
Jacobean Era
1625-1642
Caroline Era
1642-1651
English Civil War
1651-1660
English Interregnum
1660
Restoration of Charles II
1688
Glorious revolution

Monarchs

James I of England : Family Tree
Three gold lions: Coat of arms, and flag, of English kings. England  St George's cross; The emblem of England's patron saint. From C.1277, the national flag of England and Wales. King James I : 1533–1603  Saint Andrew's Cross (Saltire); National flag of Scotland Scotland  Red Lion: Royal coat of arms of Scotland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Elizabeth Stewart
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Margaret Douglas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Margaret Tudor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. James VI and I
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. James IV of Scotland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. James V of Scotland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. = 19. Margaret Tudor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Mary, Queen of Scots
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Claude, Duke of Guise
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Marie de Guise
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Antoinette de Bourbon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Henry Frederick
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Frederick I of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Christian III of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Anna of Brandenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Frederick II of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Anne of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Albert VII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Anna of Brandenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Frederick I of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Elizabeth of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Sophie of Pomerania
 
 
 
 
 
 
James aged 20, in 1586
James I was King of Scots as James VI from 1567 to 1625
King of England and Ireland as James I from 1603 to 1625.
King of Scots as James VI in 1567 aged thirteen months
succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots.
Anne of Denmark (1574–1619) was Queen Consort to King James VI and I.
Anne of Denmark; Queen consort to James I
Stuart Kings and Queens (1603-1714)
Anne of Great Britain : Family Tree
Three gold lions: Coat of arms, and flag, of English kings. England  St George's cross; The emblem of England's patron saint. From C.1277, the national flag of England and Wales. Queen Anne : 1665-1714  Saint Andrew's Cross (Saltire); National flag of Scotland Scotland  Red Lion: Royal coat of arms of Scotland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. James VI and I
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Mary, Queen of Scots
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Charles I of England
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Frederick II of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Princess Anne of Denmark
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. James II of England
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Antoine of Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Henry IV of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Jeanne III of Navarre
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Princess Henrietta Maria of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Marie de' Medici
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Archduchess Johanna of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Anne of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Lawrence Hyde
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Henry Hyde
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Anne Sibell
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Edward Langford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Mary Langford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Mary Hyde
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Anne Hyde
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. William Aylesbury
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Thomas Aylesbury
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Anne Poole
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Frances Aylesbury
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Francis Denman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Anne Denman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Anne Blount
 
 
 
 
 
 
Queen Anne, and her son William Duke of Gloucester
Anne was Queen regnant of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1702.
When James II was deemed abdicated during the Glorious Revolution (1688-89).
her sister and brother-in-law became joint monarchs William III and Mary II.
After Mary's death in 1694, William was monarch until his death in 1702.
Anne reigned until 1714 as last Stuart Queen of England and of the Scots.
George Prince of Denmark; Consort to Queen Anne

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The House of Stuart produced six English monarchs who ruled during this period.

The early Stuarts.

The late Stuarts.

Historical gallery

Battle of Marston Moor, English and Dutch fleets engage on St. James Day, and the Battle of Vigo Bay (left to right).

References

  1. James Rees Jones, The Anglo-Dutch wars of the seventeenth century (1996) online
  2. Steve Pincus, 1688: The First Modern Revolution (2011)
  3. Steven C. A. Pincus, England's Glorious Revolution 1688-1689: A Brief History with Documents (2005)

Further reading

  • Clark, George Norman. The Later Stuarts, 1660–1714 (Oxford History of England) (1956), standard scholarly survey
  • Coward, Barry. The Stuart Age: England, 1603-1714 (1980)
  • Coward, Barry, ed. A Companion to Stuart Britain (2009) excerpt and text search; 24 advanced essays by scholars
  • Davies, Godfrey. The Early Stuarts, 1603–1660 (Oxford History of England) (1959)
  • Kishlansky, Mark A. A Monarchy Transformed: Britain, 1603–1714 (Penguin History of Britain) (1997), standard scholarly survey; excerpt and text search
  • Miller, John. The Stuarts (2004)
  • Morrill, John. Stuart Britain: A Very Short Introduction (2005) excerpt and text search; 100pp
  • Morrill, John, ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart Britain (2001) excerpt and text search
  • Pincus, Steve. 1688: The First Modern Revolution (2011)
  • Pincus, Steven C. A. England's Glorious Revolution 1688-1689: A Brief History with Documents (2005)
  • Sharpe, Kevin, and Peter Lake, eds. Culture and politics in early Stuart England (1993)
  • Wroughton, John. ed. The Routledge Companion to the Stuart Age, 1603-1714 (2006) excerpt and text search

Historiography

  • Baxter, Steven B. "The Later Stuart's: 1660-1714," in Richard Schlatter, ed., Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966 (Rutgers UP, 1984), pp 141 – 166
  • Burgess, Glenn. "On revisionism: an analysis of early Stuart historiography in the 1970s and 1980s." Historical Journal (1990) 33#3 pp: 609-627.
  • Furber, Elizabeth Chapin, ed. Changing Views on British History (1966)
  • Underdown, David. "New Ways and Old and Early Stuart History," in Richard Schlatter, ed., Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966 (Rutgers UP, 1984), pp 99–140
  • Zagora, Perez. "English History, 1558-1640: A Bibliographical Survey," in Elizabeth Chapin Furber, ed. Changing views on British history: essays on historical writing since 1939 (Harvard University Press, 1966), pp 119–40

Primary sources

  • Browning, A. ed. English Historical Documents 1660-1714 (1953)
  • Coward, Barry, and Peter Gaunt, eds. English Historical Documents, 1603-1660 (2011)
House of Stuart
Preceded by Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland
1371–1649
Vacant
Preceded by Ruling house of the Kingdom of England
1603–1649
Vacant
Vacant Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland
1660–1707
Titles merged by the
Acts of Union 1707
Vacant Ruling house of the Kingdom of England
1660–1707
New title
England and Scotland united
Ruling house of the Kingdom of Great Britain
1606–1714
Succeeded by
House of Hanover