Suffixes in Hebrew

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For more details on Hebrew grammar, see Hebrew grammar and Hebrew verb conjugation.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. There are several suffixes in Hebrew which are appended to regular words to introduce a new meaning. Suffixes are used in the Hebrew language to form plurals of nouns and adjectives, in verb conjugation of grammatical tense, and to indicate possession and direct objects. They are also used for the construct noun form. The letters which form these suffixes (excluding plurals) are called "formative letters" (Hebrew: אוֹתִיּוֹת הַשִּׁמּוּשׁ, Otiyot HaShimush).

Gender and number

Due to noun-adjective agreement rules, these apply to nouns and to adjectival modifiers. In some cases, a masculine plural noun will have a feminine plural suffix and vice versa, but the adjectival modifiers are always the same.

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָה‎   (Kamatz and He) feminine singular
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָה‎ susa (mare)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָה טוֹבָה‎ susa tova (good mare)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִים‎   (Chirik, Yud and Mem) masculine plural
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסִים‎ susim (horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסִים טוֹבִים‎ susim tovim (good horses)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹת‎ (Cholam and Tav) feminine plural
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסוֹת‎ susot (mares)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסוֹת טוֹבוֹת‎ susot tovot (good mares)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַיִם‎   (Patach, Yud with Chirik and Mem) masculine and feminine noun dual form
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יָדַיִם‎ yadayim (two hands)

Construct State

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַת‎   (Patach and Tav) Changes a singular feminine noun to the construct form. of <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה‎ Torat Moshe (Torah of Moses)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵי‎   (Tzere and Yud) Changes a plural masculine noun to the construct form. of <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סִפְרֵי קְדוּשָׁה‎ Sifre k'dushah (Books of holiness)

Pronominal Suffixes

Singular nouns

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִי‎   (Chirik and Yud) First person, singular possessive. My
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסִי‎ susi (my horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתִי‎ torati (my law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ְךָ‎   (Shva and Final Chaf with Kamatz) Second person, singular, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסְךָ‎ suscha (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתְךָ‎ toratcha (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵךְ‎   (Tzere and Final Chaf with Shva) Second person, singular, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵךְ‎ susech (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתֵךְ‎ toratech (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹ‎ ( Cholam male) Third person, singular, masculine possessive. His
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסוֹ‎ suso (his horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתוֹ‎ torato (his law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָהּ‎   (Kamatz and He with Mappiq) Third person, singular, feminine possessive. Her
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָהּ‎ susah (her horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתָהּ‎ toratah (her law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵנוּ‎   (Tzere and Nun with Shuruk) First person, plural possessive. Our
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵנוּ‎ susenu (our horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתֵנוּ‎ toratenu (our law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ְכֶם‎   (Shva, Chaf with Segol and Final Mem) Second person, plural, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסְכֶם‎ suschem (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרַתְכֶם‎ toratchem (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ְכֶן‎   (Shva, Chaf with Segol and Final Nun) Second person, plural, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסְכֶן‎ suschen (your horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרַתְכֶן‎ toratchen (your law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָם‎   (Kamatz and Final Mem) Third person, plural, masculine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָם‎ susam (their horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתָם‎ toratam (their law)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָן‎   (Kamatz and Final Nun) Third person, plural, feminine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָן‎ susan (their horse)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרָתָן‎ toratan (their law)

Plural nouns

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַי‎   (Patach and Yud) First person, singular possessive. My
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסַי‎ susai (my horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתַי‎ torotai (my laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֶיךָ‎   (Segol, Yud and Final Chaf with Kamatz) Second person, singular, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֶיךָ‎ susecha (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֶיךָ‎ torotecha (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ַיִךְ‎   (Patach, Yud with Chirik and Final Chaf with Shva) Second person, singular, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסַיִךְ‎ susayich (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתַיִךְ‎ torotayich (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָיו‎   (Kamatz, Yud and Vav) Third person, singular, masculine possessive. His
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסָיו‎ susav (his horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתָיו‎ torotav (his laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֶיהָ‎   (Segol, Yud and He with Kamatz) Third person, singular, feminine possessive. Her
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֶיהָ‎ suseha (her horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֶיהָ‎ toroteha (her laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵינוּ‎   (Tzere, Yud and Nun with Shuruk) First person, plural possessive. Our
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵינוּ‎ suseinu (our horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ‎ toroteinu (our laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵיכֶם‎   (Tzere, Yud, Chaf with Segol and Final Mem) Second person, plural, masculine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיכֶם‎ suseichem (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶם‎ toroteichem (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵיכֶן‎   (Tzere, Yud, Chaf with Segol and Final Nun) Second person, plural, feminine possessive. Your
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיכֶן‎ suseichen (your horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתְכֶן‎ torateichen (your laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵיהֶם‎   (Tzere, Yud, He with Segol) and Final Mem) Third person, plural, masculine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיהֶם‎ suseihem (their horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶם‎ torateihem (their laws)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ֵיהֶן‎   (Kamatz and Final Nun) Third person, plural, feminine possessive. Their
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּסֵיהֶן‎ suseihen (their horses)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן‎ torateihen (their laws)

Conjugation of verbs

Qal Perfect

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ָה‎   (Kamatz and He) Third person, feminine singular. She did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמְרָה‎ shamra (she kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תָּ‎ (Tav with Kamatz) Second person, masculine singular. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתָּ‎ shamarta (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תְּ‎ (Tav with Sh'va) Second person, feminine singular. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתְּ‎ shamart (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּי‎ (Tav with Hiriq male) First person singular. I did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתִּי‎ shamarti (I kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Shuruk) Third person plural. They did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמְרוּ‎ shamru (they kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֶּם‎ (Tav with Segol and Final Mem) Second person, masculine plural. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתֶּם‎ shamartem (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֶּן‎ (Tav with Segol and Final Nun) Second person, feminine plural. You did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְתֶּן‎ shamarten (you kept)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נוּ‎ (Nun with Shuruk) First person plural. We did <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁמַרְנוּ‎ shamarnu (we kept)

Imperfect

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִי‎   (Chirik male) Second person, feminine singular. You will do
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמְרִי‎ tishm'ri (you will keep)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Cholam male) Third and Second person, masculine plural. They will do, You will do
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יִשְׁמְרוּ‎ yishm'ru (they will keep)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמְרוּ‎ tishm'ru (you will keep)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נָה‎ (Nun with Kamatz and He) Third and Second person, feminine plural. They will do, You will do
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמֹרְנָה‎ tishmorna (they will keep)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תִּשְׁמֹרְנָה‎ tishmorna (you will keep)

Imperative

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִי‎   (Chirik male) Feminine singular. do! <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שִׁמְרִי‎ shimri (keep!)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּ‎ (Cholam male) Masculine plural. do! <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שִׁמְרוּ‎ shimru (keep!)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נָה‎ (Nun with Kamatz and He) Feminine plural. do! <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שְׁמֹרְנָה‎ shmorna (keep!)

Diminutive

Suffix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וֹן‎ (Cholam male and Nun) Diminutive, sometimes masculine
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סֵפֶר‎ sefer (book) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סִפְרוֹן‎ sifron (booklet)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַחְשֵׁב‎ machshev (computer) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַחְשֵׁבוֹן‎ machshevon (calculator)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִטְבָּח‎ mitbach (kitchen) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִטְבָּחוֹן‎ mitbachon (kitchenette)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ִית‎   (Chirik male and Tav) Diminutive, sometimes feminine
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שַׂק‎ sak (sack) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שַׂקִית‎ sakit (bag)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כַּף‎ kaf (spoon) → <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כַּפִּית‎ kapit (teaspoon)

Loanwords

These sufixes (Hebrew: סוֹפִית sofit) often come from loanwords from English (Latin, Greek, etc...) which are especially prevalent with technical and academic terms.

Suffix Origin Hebrew Meaning Examples
-graphy Ladino גְרַפְיָה- -grafya field of study; writing
  • גֵּאוֹגְרַפְיָה geografya (hard g) geography
  • קָלִיגְרַפְיָה caligrafya calligraphy
-ic/-ical Biblical Hebrew/ English ִי- i of or pertaining to
  • נוֹסְטַלְגִּי nostalgi nostalgic
  • פּוֹלִיטִי politi political
  • מִיתִי miti mythic(al)
-ian/-an/-ish Biblical Hebrew/ English ִי- i belonging to
  • רוּסִי rusi Russian
  • אוּטוֹפִּי utopi utopian
  • גֶּרְמָנִי germani (hard g) German
  • בְּרִיטִי briti British
  • פּוֹלִיטִיקַאי politikai politician
  • קוֹמִיקַאי komikai comedian
-ar English ָרִי- ari pertaining to
  • מוֹלֶקוּלָרִי molekulari molecular
  • לִינֵאָרִי lineari linear
  • קַוִּי kavi (means: line-pertaining to) linear
-ism English יזְם- -izm movement; discriminatory belief
  • לִיבֶּרָלִיזְם liberalizm liberalism
  • סֶקְסִיזְם seksizm sexism
-kinesis Greek קִינֶזִיס- -kinezis movement, motion
  • טֶלֶקִינֶזִיס telekinezis telekinesis
  • פְּסִיכוֹקִינֶזִיס psikhokinezis psychokinesis
-logy (and -ology) Ladino לוֹגְיָה- -logya branch of learning
  • בִּיוֹלוֹגְיָה biyologya (hard g) biology
  • טְרִילוֹגְיָה trilogya trilogy
-mania Greek מַנְיָה- -manya obsession
  • פִּירוֹמַנְיָה piromanya (means: pyro-mania) pyromania
  • קְלֶפְּטוֹמַנְיָה kleptomanya (means: klepto-mania) kleptomania
-maniac English מָן- -man person with obsession
  • פִּירוֹמָן piroman (means: pyro-maniac) pyromaniac
  • קְלֶפְּטוֹמָן kleptoman (means: klepto-maniac) kleptomaniac
-oid English וֹאִיד- -oid similar, but not the same
  • אַנְדְּרוֹאִיד android android
  • הוּמָנוֹאִיד humanoid humanoid
-onym English וֹנִים- -onim name
  • אֶפּוֹנִים eponim eponym
  • הֶטְרוֹנִים hetronim heteronym
-scope English סְקוֹפּ- -skop instrument for viewing
  • טֶלֶסְקוֹפּ teleskop telescope
  • מיקרוסקופ mikroskop microscope
-esque French ֶסְקָה- -eska resembling
  • בּוּרְלֶסְקָה burleska burlesque
  • הוּמוֹרֶסְקָה humoreska humoresque
  • גְּרוֹטֶסְקִי groteski grotesque
-y Ladino יָה- -ya having the quality of
  • קוֹמֶדְיָה komedya comedy
  • הִיסְטוֹרְיָה historya history
  • פִילוֹסוֹפְיָה filosofya philosophy
-meter English מֶטֶר- -meter measuring device;
units of measure
  • בָּרוֹמֶטֶר barometer barometer
  • קִילוֹמֶטֶר kilometer kilometer
-nik Yiddish/Russian נִיק- nik one connected with
  • מוֹשַׁבְנִיק moshavnik moshav member/resident
  • נוּדְנִיק nudnik bothersome person

See also

References

External links

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