Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
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| File:Engler Syllabus.jpg
Cover page of first edition
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| Author | Adolf Engler |
|---|---|
| Country | Germany |
| Language | German |
| Subject | Botany |
| Published | 1892– |
| Publisher | Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag |
| Media type | |
Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1892–) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further.[1] As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant taxonomy.
Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use phylogenetic principles, and reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was.[2] His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden[3] (of which he was the director) and was expanded in his Syllabus in 1892.[4] This reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien first appeared in 1892 with the title Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik. Many subsequent editions have appeared since, and it was continued after Engler's death in 1930. The most recent edition was the 13th in 2009.[5] A number of references to the Engler system actually refer to later revisions ('modified Engler system') undertaken by Melchior and colleagues, the 12th edition of the Syllabus, also referred to as the Melchior system.
Contents
Editions 1892–1924
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- 1904: Engler, A. idem, 4th ed., Borntraeger, Berlin.
- 1907: Engler, A. idem, 5th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 247 p.
- 1909: Engler, A. idem, 6th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 254 p.
- 1912: Engler, A. & E. Gilg, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Medizinal- und Nutzpflanzen, nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über spezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik, 7th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 387 p.
File:Engler Syllabus Pflanzenfam 1919-XXIX.jpg
First page of synopsis from eighth edition
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- 1924: Engler, A. & E. Gilg, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Medizinal- und Naturpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über spezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik , 9th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 420 p.
- 1924: Engler, A. & E. Gilg, idem, 10th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin.
Posthumous
- 1936: Diels, L. A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Medizinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorselungen und Studien über spezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik, 11th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 419 p.
- 1954-64: Melchior, H. & E. Werdermann, A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde, 12th ed. (2 vols.), Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 367 + 666 p.
- 1983: Gerloff, J. & K. Walther, idem, 13th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin (Only one of seven planned volumes was published - Bryophytina, Laubmoose)
- In 2009, the edition was revived, with the publication of the first of five replanned volumes
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Synopses
| German | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|
| Abteilung | divisio | Division |
| Unterabteilung | subdivisio | Subdivision |
| Klasse | classis | Class |
| Reihe | ordo | Order |
| Unterreihe | subordo | Suborder |
| Fam. | familia | Family |
| Unterfam. | subfamilia | Subfamily |
| Gruppe (§) | tribus | Tribe |
| Gattung | genus | Genus |
| Art | species | Species |
First edition (1892)
Review of previous systems p. xvii Schema p. xx
- Myxothallophyta
- Euthallophyta
- Embryophyta Zoidiogama (Archegoniatae)
- Embryophyta Siphonogama (Phanerogamae)
Third edition (1903)
The main groups of plants are shown here with page numbers in (parentheses) and some corresponding volumes in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien in [square brackets], however there are changes between editions:
Review of previous systems p. xxi
From schema and index (pp. xxiv-xxv)[6]
- I. Abteilung. Phytosarcodina, Myxothallophyta, Myxomycetes (p. 1)
- II. Abteilung. Schizophyta (p. 3) [vol 1 part Ia]
- III. Abteilung. Flagellatae (p. 6) [vol 1 part Ia]
- IV. Abteilung. Dinoflagellatae (p. 8)
- ? Abteilung. Silicoflagellatae (p. 8)
- V. Abteilung. Zygophyceae (p. 8)
- VI. Abteilung. Chlorophyceae (p. 11) [vol 1 part II]
- VII. Abteilung. Charales (p. 15)
- VIII. Abteilung. Phaeophyceae (p. 15)
- IX. Abteilung. Dictyotales (p. 18)
- X. Abteilung. Rhodophyceae (p. 18)
- XI. Abteilung. Eumycetes (Fungi) (p. 25) [vol 1 part I]
- XII. Abteilung. Embryophyta asiphonogama (Archegoniatae) (p. 50)
- I. Unterabteilung Bryophyta (Muscinei) (p. 51) [vol 1 part III: 1]
- II. Unterabteilung Pteridophyta (p. 61) [vol 1 part IV]
- XIII. Abteilung. Embryophyta siphonogama (Phanerogamae) (p. 70)
- I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae (p. 70) [vol 2 part I]
- II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]
XIII Embryophyta siphonogama
- I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae 6 classes (p. 70) [vol 2 part I]
- II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae 2 classes (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]
- 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76)
- 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 sublasses (p. 106)
Gymnospermae
6 classes (p. 70)
Angiospermae
2 classes (p. 75)
- 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76) [vol 2 part I]
- 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 sublasses (p. 106)
Monocotyledoneae
11 orders
- 1. Reihe Pandanales (p. 77)
- 2. Reihe Helobiae (p. 77)
- 3. Reihe Triuridales (p. 80)
- 4. Reihe Glumiflorae (p. 80)
- 5. Reihe Principes (p. 84)
- 6. Reihe Synanthae (p. 87)
- 7. Reihe Spathiflorae (p. 87)
- 8. Reihe Farinosae (p. 91)
- 9. Reihe Liliiflorae (p. 93)[7] [vol 2 part I]
- 10. Reihe Scitamineae (p. 101)
- 11. Reihe Microspermae (p. 102)
Dicotyledoneae
2 subclasses (p. 106)
- 1. Unterklasse Archechlamydeae
- 2. Unterklasse Metachlamydeae (Sympetalae) (p. 175)
Index (p. 215)
Monocotyledon family structure
11 orders (Reihe)
Pandanales
Helobiae
4 suborders
- subordo Alismatineae
- subordo Hydrocharitineae
- subordo Scheuchzeriineae
- subordo Potamogetonineae
Triuridales
Glumiflorae
Principes
Synanthae
Spathiflorae
Farinosae
6 suborders
Liliiflorae
6 suborders (Unterreihe)[7]
- Juncineae (p. 94)
- Liliineae 11 families (p. 94)
- Iridineae families (p. 100)
- Pontederiineae
- Burmanniineae
- Philydrineae
- suborder Juncineae (p. 94)
- subordo Liliineae 11 families (p. 94)
- Stemonaceae (p. 94)
- Liliaceae (p. 94)[8] [pages 10–91]
- subfamilia Melanthioideae 6 tribes (p. 94)
- subfamilia Herrerioideae (p. 95)
- subfamilia Asphodeloideae 8 tribes (p. 95)
- subfamilia Allioideae 3 tribes(p. 96)
- subfamilia Lilioideae 2 tribes (p. 96)[9]
- subfamilia Dracaenoideae (p. 97)
- subfamilia Asparagoideae (p. 97)
- subfamilia Ophiopogonoideae (p. 97)
- subfamilia Aletroideae (p. 98)
- subfamiliaLuzuriagoideae (p. 98)
- subfamilia Smilacoideae (p. 98)
- Haemodoraceae (p. 98)
- Amaryllidaceae 3 subfamilies (p. 98)[10]
- subfamilia Amaryllidoideae 2 tribes
- Amaryllideae (p. 98)
- Narcisseae (p. 99)
- subfamilia Agavoideae (p. 99)
- subfamilia Campynematoideae (p. 99)
- subfamilia Amaryllidoideae 2 tribes
- Velloziaceae (p. 99)
- Taccaceae (p. 99)
- Dioscoreaceae (p. 99)
- Xanthorrhoeaceae
- Agavaceae
- Cyanastraceae
- Hypoxidaceae
- subordo Iridineae 2 families (p. 100)
- Iridaceae (p. 100)
- Geosiridaceae
- subordo Pontederiineae
- subordo Burmanniineae 2 families
- subordo Philydrineae
Scitamineae
Microspermae
In modern classifications, Engler's divisions I - XI are not considered plants but are classified in other groups (although some botanists do accept Engler's divisions VII and VIII, the "green algae", as plants).
Thirteenth edition (2009-)
- Cyanoprokaryota [Part 1/1]
- Acrasia (Acrasiomycota) [Part 1/1]
- Eumycetozoa [Part 1/1]
- Phytomyxea (Plasmodiophoromycota) [Part 1/1]
- Fungi / Mycobionta
- Chytridiomycota [Part 1/1]
- Zygomycota [Part 1/1]
- Glomeromycota [Part 1/1]
- Ascomycota [Part 1/2, to be published]
- Basidiomycota [Part 1/3, to be published]
- Heterokontobionta
- Labyrinthulomycota [Part 1/1]
- Oomycota [Part 1/1]
- Cryptophyta [Part 2/1]
- Dinophyta/Dinozoa (Dinoflagellata) [Part 2/1]
- Haptophyta [Part 2/1]
- Heterokontophyta / Ochrophyta [Part 2/1]
- Diatomeae, Bacillariophyceae s.l.
- Other heterokontophytes
- Glaucobionta [Part 2/1]
- Rhodobionta [Part 2/2, to be published]
- Organisation type "Green Algae"
- Chlorarachniophyta / Cercozoa [Part 2/1]
- Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa [Part 2/1]
- Chlorobionta ("Viridiplantae")
- Chlorophyta [Part 2/1]
- Streptophyta
- Mesostigmatophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Chlorokybophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Klebsormidiophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Coleochaetophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Zygnematophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Charophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Embryobionta
- "Bryophytes" [Part 3]
- Polysporangiomorpha [Part 3]
- "Protracheophytes" (Horneophytopsida)
- Tracheophyta
- Rhyniophytina [Part 3]
- Lycophytina [Part 3]
- Euphyllophytina [Part 3]
- Spermatophytina
- Pinopsida (gymnosperms) [Part 4, to be published]
- Magnoliopsida (angiosperms)
- Magnoliidae [Part 4, to be published]
- Lilianae (monocotyledons)
- Acorales, Alismatales, Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales, Asparagales [Part 4, to be published]
- Arecales, Commelinales, Poales, Zingiberales, Dasypogonales [Part 5, to be published]
- Eudicotyledons [Part 5, to be published]
References
- ↑ Stace 1989, Post-Darwinian phylogenetic systems p. 31.
- ↑ Bhattacharyya 2005, Linnaeus' System of Classification and Thereafter p. 59.
- ↑ Engler 1886, Systematische Abteilung pp. 10–11.
- ↑ Naik 1984.
- ↑ Frey, Stech & Fischer 2009.
- ↑ Engler 1903, Das im diesen Syllabus Grunde Gelegte System.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Engler 1903, Liliiflorae p. 93.
- ↑ Engler 1903, Liliaceae p. 94.
- ↑ Engler 1903, Lilioideae p. 96.
- ↑ Engler 1903, Amaryllidaceae p. 96.
Bibliography
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