Template:Infobox carbon

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
Carbon,  6C
Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), the two most well-known allotropes of carbon
Carbon Spectra.jpg
Spectral lines of carbon
General properties
Name, symbol carbon, C
Appearance graphite: black
diamond: clear
Allotropes graphite, diamond
Pronunciation /ˈkɑːrbən/
KAR-bən
Carbon in the periodic table
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (post-transition metal)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
–
↑
C
↓
Si
boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic number (Z) 6
Group, block group 14 (carbon group), p-block
Period period 2
Element category   polyatomic nonmetal, sometimes considered a metalloid
Standard atomic weight (Ar) 12.011[1] (12.0096–12.0116)[2]
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p2
per shell
 2, 4
Physical properties
Phase solid
Sublimation point 3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density near r.t. amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[3]
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
Triple point 4600 K, ​10,800 kPa[4][5]
Heat of fusion graphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K)
diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states +4, +3,[6] +2, +1,[7] 0, −1, −2, −3, −4[8] ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
(more)
Covalent radius sp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius 170 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure graphite: ​simple hexagonal
Simple hexagonal crystal structure for graphite: carbon

(black)
Crystal structure ​face-centered diamond-cubic
Diamond cubic crystal structure for carbon
Speed of sound thin rod diamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion diamond: 0.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)[9]
Thermal conductivity graphite: 119–165 W/(m·K)
diamond: 900–2300 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity graphite: 7.837 µΩ·m[10]
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic[11]
Young's modulus diamond: 1050 GPa[9]
Shear modulus diamond: 478 GPa[9]
Bulk modulus diamond: 442 GPa[9]
Poisson ratio diamond: 0.1[9]
Mohs hardness graphite: 1–2
diamond: 10
CAS Number 7440-44-0
History
Discovery Egyptians and Sumerians[12] (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element by Antoine Lavoisier[13] (1789)
Most stable isotopes of carbon
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
11C syn 20 min β+ 0.96 11B
12C 98.9% 12C is stable with 6 neutrons
13C 1.1% 13C is stable with 7 neutrons
14C trace 5730 y β− 0.156 14N
· references

References

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
  2. ↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  10. ↑ https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm
  11. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Lua error in Module:Documentation at line 140: message: type error in message cfg.container (string expected, got nil).

Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_carbon&oldid=725584700"