Template:Infobox manganese

Manganese,  ₂₅Mn

General properties
Name, symbol	manganese, Mn
Appearance	silvery metallic
Pronunciation	/ˈmæŋɡəniːz/ MANG-gə-neez
Manganese in the periodic table
– ↑ Mn ↓ Tc chromium ← manganese → iron
Atomic number (Z)	25
Group, block	group 7, d-block
Period	period 4
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	54.938044(3)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d5 4s2
per shell	2, 8, 13, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	1519 K ​(1246 °C, ​2275 °F)
Boiling point	2334 K ​(2061 °C, ​3742 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.21 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	5.95 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.91 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	221 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.32 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1228 1347 1493 1691 1955 2333
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 ​acidic, basic or amphoteric; depending on the oxidation state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.55
Ionization energies	1st: 717.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 1509.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 3248 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 127 pm
Covalent radius	Low spin: 139±5 pm High spin: 161±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	5150 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	21.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	7.81 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.44 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	198 GPa
Bulk modulus	120 GPa
Mohs hardness	6.0
Brinell hardness	196 MPa
CAS Number	7439-96-5
History
Discovery	Torbern Olof Bergman (1770)
First isolation	Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1774)
Most stable isotopes of manganese
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 52Mn syn 5.591 d ε – 52Cr β+ 0.575 52Cr γ 0.7, 0.9, 1.4 – 53Mn trace 3.74×106 y ε – 53Cr 54Mn syn 312.3 d ε 1.377 54Cr γ 0.834 – 55Mn 100% 55Mn is stable with 30 neutrons

References

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