Template:Infobox scandium

Scandium,  ₂₁Sc

General properties
Name, symbol	scandium, Sc
Appearance	silvery white
Pronunciation	/ˈskændiəm/ SKAN-dee-əm
Scandium in the periodic table
– ↑ Sc ↓ Y calcium ← scandium → titanium
Atomic number (Z)	21
Group, block	group 3, d-block
Period	period 4
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	44.955908(5)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d1 4s2
per shell	2, 8, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	1814 K ​(1541 °C, ​2806 °F)
Boiling point	3109 K ​(2836 °C, ​5136 °F)
Density near r.t.	2.985 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	2.80 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	332.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1645 1804 (2006) (2266) (2613) (3101)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.36
Ionization energies	1st: 633.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 162 pm
Covalent radius	170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	211 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 10.2 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	15.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 562 nΩ·m (at r.t., calculated)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	74.4 GPa
Shear modulus	29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus	56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.279
Brinell hardness	736–1200 MPa
CAS Number	7440-20-2
History
Naming	after Scandinavia
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Discovery and first isolation	Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Most stable isotopes of scandium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 44m2Sc syn 58.61 h IT 0.2709 44Sc γ 1.0, 1.1, 1.1 44Sc ε – 44Ca 45Sc 100% 45Sc is stable with 24 neutrons 46Sc syn 83.79 d β− 0.3569 46Ti γ 0.889, 1.120 – 47Sc syn 3.3492 d β− 0.44, 0.60 47Ti γ 0.159 – 48Sc syn 43.67 h β− 0.661 48Ti γ 0.9, 1.3, 1.0 –

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.