The Scarlet Empress

This article is about the 1934 film. For the Doctor Who novel, see The Scarlet Empress (Doctor Who).

The Scarlet Empress
File:Scarlet empress.jpeg French film poster
Directed by	Josef von Sternberg
Produced by	Emanuel Cohen Josef von Sternberg
Written by	Catherine II (diary) Manuel Komroff (diary arranger) Eleanor McGeary
Starring	Marlene Dietrich John Lodge Sam Jaffe Louise Dresser C. Aubrey Smith
Music by	Bernhard Kaun
Cinematography	Bert Glennon
Edited by	Josef von Sternberg Sam Winston
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release dates	September 15, 1934
Running time	104 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

The Scarlet Empress is a 1934 historical drama film made by Paramount Pictures about the life of Catherine the Great. It was directed and produced by Josef von Sternberg from a screenplay by Eleanor McGeary, loosely based on the diary of Catherine arranged by Manuel Komroff. Substantial historical liberties are taken.

The film stars von Sternberg's lover Marlene Dietrich as Catherine, supported by John Davis Lodge, Sam Jaffe, Louise Dresser, and C. Aubrey Smith. Dietrich's daughter Maria Riva plays Catherine as a child.

Plot

Sophia Frederica (Dietrich) is the daughter of a minor German prince and an ambitious mother. She is brought to Russia by Count Alexei (Lodge) at the behest of Empress Elizabeth (Dresser) to marry her nephew, Grand Duke Peter (played as a half-wit by Jaffe in his film debut). The overbearing Elizabeth renames her Catherine and reinforces the demand the new bride issue an heir to the throne.

Unhappy in her marriage, Catherine finds solace with the womanizing Alexei, first and foremost a paramour of the much-older Elizabeth. Rebuffed at this discovery, she takes lovers among the Russian Army to court its favor. When the old Empress dies seventeen years into their marriage, Peter ascends to the Russian throne and takes steps against his wife. Soon Catherine plots and exercises a coup, beginning a reign as Empress that will leave her known to history as Catherine the Great.

Style

The film is notable for its attentive lighting and the expressionist art design von Sternberg creates for the Russian palace. In film critic Robin Wood's words:

a hyperrealist atmosphere of nightmare with its gargoyles, its grotesque figures twisted into agonized contortions, its enormous doors that require a half-dozen women to close or open, its dark spaces and ominous shadows created by the flickerings of innumerable candles, its skeleton presiding over the royal wedding banquet table.

Response

The Scarlet Empress was one of the last mainstream Hollywood motion pictures to be released before the Hays Code was strictly enforced, and the film, which among other things depicts topless women being burnt at the stake, was "condemned" by the Catholic Legion of Decency as "morally objectionable". The Scarlet Empress remains one of Marlene Dietrich's most frank and suggestive films, portraying Russia's future queen Catherine the Great first as a wide eyed innocent, quickly becoming a sexually-hungry dominatrix. The film is filled with erotic images and motifs. It is viewed much more positively by modern critics.

Cast (in credits order)

• Marlene Dietrich as Princess Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg, later Empress Catherine II
• John Davis Lodge as Count Alexey Razumovsky
• Sam Jaffe as Grand Duke Peter, later Emperor Peter III
• Louise Dresser as Empress Elizaveta Petrovna
• C. Aubrey Smith as Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (father of Catherine)
• Gavin Gordon as Captain Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov
• Olive Tell as Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp (mother of Catherine)
• Ruthelma Stevens as Elizaveta Vorontsova, mistress of Peter III
• Davison Clark as Archimandrite Simeon Todorsky / Arch-Episcopope
• Erville Alderson as Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
• Philip Sleeman as Jean Armand de Lestocq
• Marie Wells as Marie Tshoglokof
• Hans Heinrich von Twardowski as Ivan Shuvalov
• Gerald Fielding as Lieutenant Dimitri
• Maria Riva as Sophia (child)

External links

• The Scarlet Empress at IMDb
• The Scarlet Empress at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Scarlet Empress at AllMovie