Tōfuku-ji

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Enichisan Tōfuku-ji
TofukujiHondo.jpg
The hon-dō (Main Hall)
Information
Mountain name Enichisan
Denomination Rinzai and Fuke Zen, Tōfuku-ji school
Venerated Śākyamuni (Buddha)
Founded 1236
People
Founder(s) Kujō Michiie
Founding priest Enni
Abbot(s) Keido Fukushima
Location
Address 15-778 Honmachi Higashiyama-ku, Kyōto-shi, Kyōto-ken
Country Japan
Website http://www.tofukuji.jp/

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Tōfuku-ji (東福寺?) is a Buddhist temple in Higashiyama-ku in Kyoto, Japan. Tōfuku-ji takes its name from two temples in Nara, Tōdai-ji and Kōfuku-ji.[1] It is one of the so-called Kyoto Gozan or "five great Zen temples of Kyoto". Its honorary sangō prefix is Enichi-san (慧日山?).

History

Tōfuku-ji was founded in 1236 by the imperial chancellor Kujō Michiie.[2] He appointed the monk Enni as founding priest, who had studied Rinzai Zen Buddhism in China under the monk Wuzhun Shifan. The temple was burned but rebuilt in the 15th century according to original plans. Tofuku-ji was one of the five temples of the Five Mountain System.

Abbots

In 1486 Ryōan Keigo became the 171st abbot of Tōfuku-ji. At the end of the 16th century Ankokuji Ekei was appointed abbot. From 1980 to 2009 Tōfuku-ji has been led by head abbot Keidō Fukushima.[3]

Architecture

File:TofukujiSanmon.jpg
The main gate

Tōfuku-ji's main gate is the oldest sanmon in Japan. It is a National Treasure of Japan. It is two stories high and five bays wide. The central three bays are doors.

Currently, the Tōfuku-ji complex includes 24 sub-temples, though in the past the number has been as high as 53.

Artwork

Tōfuku-ji's large nehan-zu painting depicts Buddha on his death bed. This massive image (7 x 14 meters) is the second largest in Japan. The image at nearby Sennyū-ji is the largest of its kind in Japan, measuring 8 x 16 meters. Both images are rarely displayed, most recently in 2003 for three days only.[4]

A 1238 portrait painting of Wuzhun Shifan along with an inscription by an anonymous author was brought to the temple by Enni in the 1240s and remains there today. Plaques of Wuzhun's calligraphy is also kept at Tōfuku-ji.

Garden

The moss garden

There are a number of gardens in the various precincts of Tōfuku-ji. The current garden was designed by landscape architect Mirei Shigemori in the 1930s. The moss garden in particular has been emblematic of the renewal of Japanese gardening principles in the 20th Century.

The temple features a large number of Japanese maple trees, and is most crowded during the autumn season when people flock to see the autumn foliage. It is a tradition to view the leaves from the Tsūten-kyō bridge.

Images

  • Toufuku-ji sanmon4.JPG

    Main gate, side view

  • View from interior

  • Scenic drawing of Tsūten-kyō bridge, by Hiroshige

  • Tsuten-kyo bridge.JPG

    Tsuten-kyō bridge during autumn

  • Tsūten-kyō

  • Dry Zen garden at Reiun-in

  • Garden at Kaizandō

  • Garden at Ryoginan-tōtei

  • Torii gates leading to steps

  • Steps

  • Main hall

  • Kaizandō

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Japan Reference: Tōfuku-ji
  2. ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 152.
  3. ↑ Harris, Ishwar C. et al. (2004). The Laughing Buddha of Tofukuji: The Life of Zen Master Keidō Fukushima, p. xi.
  4. ↑ "Kansai: Who -- What: Giant Buddhas shown for three days only," Japan Times Online. March 9, 2003.

References

External links

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