Toghril II
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
| Toghril II | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultan of the Seljuq Empire | |||||
| Reign | 1132 – 1134 | ||||
| Predecessor | Muhammad II | ||||
| Successor | Arslan-Shah | ||||
| Born | 1109 | ||||
| Died | October/November 1134 Hamadan |
||||
| Spouse | Mu'mine Khatun | ||||
| Issue | Arslan-Shah | ||||
|
|||||
| House | House of Seljuq | ||||
| Father | Muhammad I | ||||
| Mother | Gowhar Khatun | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
Rokn ad-Donya wa-Din Toghril-e Mohammed-e Malik Shah (1109 - Oct/Nov 1134), known as Toghril II was a Seljuk sultan who ruled Persian Iraq in 1132-1134.
Toghril was the son of Mohammad Tapar (1105-1118) . He received Saveh, Awaj, and Zanjan as iqta, or land grant, from his father and was put under the care of atabeg Shirgir. When Mohammad died in 1118, Shirgir was imprisoned and replaced by Kun-Toghdi, who had bad relations with the new sultan, Toghril's older brother Mahmud II (1118-1131). Mahmud's uncle Ahmad Sanjar (1118-1157) invaded his realm early in his reign; Toghril and his atabeg took advantage of this to rebel, occupying Gilan and Qazvin. In doing this, Toghril claimed sole sovereignty over these regions, not recognizing his brother as overlord.
In 1121, Toghril, along with Kun-Toghdi, Ilghazi, and the Mazyadid Dubays II ibn Sadaqa (1118-1135) of al-Hillah took part in a campaign against King David of Georgia, which ended in their total defeat at the Battle of Didgori. That same year, Kun-Toghdi died and Toghril's relationship with his brother Mahmud deteriorated further. Dubays persuaded Toghril that together they would be able to defeat Mahmud and Caliph al-Mustarshid. The allies invaded Iraq in 1125, but found their position untenable and were pursued by Mahmud through Persian Iraq to Khorasan. There they found refuge with Sanjar, whom they told of Mahmud's discontent and closeness with the caliph. As a result, Sanjar went to Ray in 1128 and reached a settlement with Mahmud on behalf of the fugitives.
After Mahmud's death in 1131, his son Dawud (1131-1132) was proclaimed sultan and was immediately attacked by his uncles Mas'ud (1135-1152), Suleiman-Shah, and Toghril. Supporting the latter was the senior member of the Seljuk royal family, Sanjar, who defeated Mas'ud and Seljuk-Shah on 26 May 1132 near Hamadan and established Toghril as sultan in that city. Sanjar then had to return east to deal with the Kharakhanid rebellion. In his absence, Dawud and his atabeg attacked Toghril, but failed and had to flee back to Baghdad, where they were joined by Mas'ud.
Caliph al-Mustarshid, who did not want any one of the Seljuks to dominate, proclaimed Mas'ud sultan in January 1133. Toghril attacked his brother in May of that year but was defeated. He died at Hamadan in October or November of the following year. His widow Mu'mine Khatun married the atabeg Eldiguz, progenitor of the Eldiguzids, who ruled on behalf of Toghril's son Arslan (1161-1176).
