Toma Raspasani

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Toma Raspasani
Born 1648
Skopska Crna Gora
Other names Toma Raspassanovich[1]
Ethnicity Albanian
Citizenship Ottoman
Education Primary-, and theological school in Janjevo
Alma mater Jesuit Illyrian College in Loreto, modern day Italy
Occupation
Employer Roman Catholic Church/Piccolomini
Veterani
Serbian Militia
Known for Organizing pro-Austrian Albanian rebels in Kosovo during Great Turkish War
Movement pro-Austrian

Toma Raspasani (Italian: Tomasso Raspassani , c. 1648-17??) was an Albanian Franciscan monk and vicar, subordinate Pjetër Bogdani, Archbishop of Skopje, with whom he organized an Albanian pro-Austrian movement that would fight in the Great Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire.

Life

He was born in 1648.[2][3] His definite birthplace has not been established, and it is thought to have been in either Skopska Crna Gora, or the surroundings of Prizren or Peć.[2][3] According to British author Noel Malcolm it was Skopska Crna Gora.[4] At the time these were part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Üsküb and Sanjak of Prizren. He most likely enrolled in the primary school and theological school of Janjevo.[2][3] Toma was educated by Jesuits at Illyrian college in Loreto.[5] After studying in Italy he was appointed parish priest in Prizren in 1679.[4] According to different sources, he spoke Albanian, Serbian, Latin and Italian.

With the outbreak of the Great Turkish War, the Austrian Empire sought allies in Southeastern Europe. On November 1,[6] or November 6, General Enea Silvio Piccolomini reached Prizren, where he according to sources was received by "an archbishop and a patriarch".[7] This has been interpreted as being Albanian Catholic Pjetër Bogdani, Archbishop of Skopje, and Arsenije III Čarnojević, the Patriarch of Serbs.[6][8][9] Piccolomini consulted with Patriarch Arsenije and Archbishop Bogdani about the organization of newly recruited rebels and providing food for them, and Raspasani helped Piccolomini a lot, as the negotiations went through him as he knew Latin and Italian.[10] According to Malcolm, the patriarch could not have been the Serbian Patriarch, since "he was absent from the region at that time".[7] Pjetër Bogdani seemed to have played the leading role in organizing the Albanian pro-Austrian movement in the region, while Raspasani was also prominent.[4] According to some sources, Raspasani was the one who in fact gathered the Albanians by himself.[9]

Piccolomini died in Prizren of plague on November 9, 1689, during negotiations.[11] Veterani succeeded Piccolomini.[11] Raspasani substituted the deceased Bogdani (1689†) as the leader of the Albanian movement.[12]

The Austrians began fortifying Niš,[when?] and Lieutenant colonel Antonije Znorić returned from Belgrade to Niš with 2,500 infantry of the Serbian Militia after the order of Veterani; Raspasani was also with them, as a translator.[13][14]

Raspasani wrote in 1693 that many of the Catholics of Kosovo had left for Budapest, "where most of them died, some of hunger, others of disease".[15]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Andrić 1991, p. 295: "Тома Распасановић, рођен око 1648. године (можда у Скопској Црној гори или у околини Призрена или Пећи, што још није сасвим сигурно утврђено) завршио је основну, мисионарску, школу вероватно у Јањеву, на 72 МЈсћае1"
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Malcolm 1998, p. 148
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Forcade 2008, p. 75: "Puis le 6 novembre, Piccolomini est entre a Prizren ou il a ete recu, disent les sources, par « un archeveque et patriarche ». Est-ce l'archevê que catholique albanais Bogdani ? Il est, en revanche, certain (comme l'a montré l'historien britannique Noël Malcolm) que ce ne peut être le patriarche serbe orthodoxe Arsène III Cernojevic, absent de la region a cette date... Toujours est-il que le clergé catholique, Bogdani et un de ses collaborateurs Toma Raspasani, favorise le ralliement des Albanais à l'empereur."
  8. ↑ Šufflay 1925, p. 67: "kad je austrijska vojska (1689) pro* drla duboko u Balkan. Tada je pri zadobivanju Arbanasa za ustanak proti Turcima stekao najviše zasluge Franjevac Toma Rospasari, dok je vodja srpskih ustaša bio pećki patrijarh Arse* nije III."
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Društvo istoričara SR Srbije 1959, p. 134: "да су прегово- рима у Призрену, истина, присуствовали и патријарх Арсеније и Петар Богдани са својим викаром дон Томом, али да је дон Тома био тај који је „целу ову тако успешну (1) акцију око придобијања Арбанаса, водио."
  10. ↑ Društvo istoričara SR Srbije 1959, p. 147: "Пиколомини се саветовао из болесничке постеље са патријархом Арсенијем III и скоп- ским надбискупом Богданијем о уређењу новопридошлих устаника, о њи- ховој исхрани итд. Том приликом викар скопског надбискупа дон Тома Распасановић много помогао генералу Пиколинију, јер су преко њега вођени преговори пошто је он знао латински и талијански"
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Društvo istoričara SR Srbije 1959, p. 135
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Malcolm 1998, p. 162

Sources

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