Tourism in Poland

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Tourism in Poland
Poland's top ten urban destinations [1]
Wawel castle.jpg
Kraków,[1] Royal palace at Wawel on the Vistula river, UNESCO World Heritage Site
Warsaw Old Town Market Square 10.JPG
Warsaw,[1] Old Town Market Square, UNESCO World Heritage Site
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Gdańsk,[1] Baltic beaches of the Gdańsk Bay
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Poznań,[1] International Fair (since 1921) with exhibitors from 70 industrialized countries
Zakopane - skiing (28).JPG
Zakopane,[1] "the winter capital of Poland", view from Gubałówka in the Tatra Mountains
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Szczecin,[1] New Philharmonic Hall
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Łódź,[1] arts centre and shopping mall at the historic Manufaktura
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Bydgoszcz,[1] red-brick Lloyd Palace and marina on the Brda
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Kołobrzeg,[1] historic lighthouse restored to its former glory

Poland is a part of the global tourism market with constantly increasing number of visitors. Tourism in Poland contributes to the country's overall economy. The most popular cities are Kraków, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Warsaw, Poznań, Lublin, Toruń and the historic site of Auschwitz - German nazi concentration camp in Oświęcim. The best recreational destinations include Poland's Masurian Lake District, Baltic Sea coast, Tatra Mountains (the highest mountain range of Carpathians), Sudetes and Białowieża Forest. Poland's main tourist offers consist of sightseeing within cities and out-of-town historical monuments, business trips, qualified tourism, agrotourism, mountain hiking (trekking) and climbing among others. Poland is the 17th most visited country in the world by foreign tourists, as ranked by World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in 2012.[2]

Arrivals of foreign tourists by country of origin in 2014 *
 1. Germany
  
 1,385,922 [3]
 2. United Kingdom
  
 367,346 [3]
 3. Russia
  
 345,760 [3]
 4. Ukraine
  
 274,476 [3]
 5. USA
  
 235,705 [3]
 6. Belarus
  
 225,503 [3]
 7. Italy
  
 222,090 [3]
 8. France
  
 208,810 [3]
 9. Norway
  
 179,305 [3]
 10. Spain
  
 170,094 [3]
 11. Israel
  
 164,470 [3]
 12. Sweden
  
 143,750 [3]
 13. Netherlands
  
 128,888 [3]
 14. Lithuania
  
 121,091 [3]
 15. Czech Republic
  
 99,858 [3]
* Foreign tourists in tourist accommodation establishments by country [3]

Overview

Other Poland's top rating destinations [4]
Auschwitz concentration camp,[5] UNESCO World Heritage Site
European bison at Białowieża Forest,[4] a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve
Wieliczka Salt Mine,[4] with 1.2 million visitors annually
Medieval Malbork Castle in Malbork,[4] northern Poland
Masurian Lake District,[5] with more than 2,000 lakes. Pictured: marina in Mikołajki resort town

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See also: List of World Heritage Sites of Poland and List of Historic Monuments (Poland)

Poland, especially after joining the European Union in 2004, became a place frequently visited by tourists. Most tourist attractions in Poland are connected with natural environment, historic sites and cultural events. They draw millions of tourists every year from all around the world. According to Tourist Institute's data, Poland was visited by 15.7 million tourists in 2006, and by 15 million tourists in 2007,[6] out of the total number of 66.2 million foreign visitors.[7] In 2012, Poland was visited by 13.5 million foreign tourists (those who came during Euro 2012, but did not stay overnight, were not included in official statistics).[8] In year 2013 Poland was visited by 15.8 million tourists.

Natural environment

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See also: List of national parks of Poland

Poland has a diversified natural environment, which is relatively unaffected by human development. Visitors are attracted by mountains, sea-coast, forests and the lake reserves. Among the most popular destinations are: Tatra Mountains, in which is the highest peak of Polish (Rysy) and the famous Orla Perć; Karkonosze, Table Mountains, Białowieża Forest, Lower Silesian Wilderness, Bieszczady, Dunajec River Gorge in Pieniny, Pojezierze Mazurskie, Kampinos National Park and many others.

The first Polish tourists were pilgrims traveling to shrines both within Poland and abroad. The development of commercial tourism began in the 19th century. The most popular regions were mountains, especially the Tatra Mountains, explored for example by Tytus Chałubiński. In 1873 the Polish Tatra Society and in 1909 the Polish Sightseeing Society were established to organize and develop tourism. The 19th century was also the time of the rapid appearance of spa resorts, mostly in Sudetes, Beskids and along the Baltic Sea coast, with some of them associated, since 1910, with the Polish Balneology Association. After Poland regained independence in 1918, Polish tourism boomed, and was encouraged by the government. The first professional Polish tour operator, Orbis, was founded in Lwów in 1923, followed in 1937 by Gromada tourist organization and tour operator.

History

After World War II all tourist organizations were nationalized by the new communist government. The Polish Tatra Society and Polish Sightseeing Society were combined into Polish Tourism-Sightseeing Society (PTTK) and most of the tourist infrastructure was handed over to the newly created Workers Vacations Fund (FWP). Tourism was limited to the Comecon countries. This was the era of governmentally-founded tourism, characterised by mass but low-standard tourism. A typical sight was a holiday campground with small bungalows managed by one of the state-owned companies. Holidays for children and teenagers were organized by Juventur. After the fall of communism much of the infrastructure was privatized, although many company-owned resorts were downgraded because of their unprofitability. The early 1990s saw the foundation of many new tour operators. Some of them prevailed and strengthened their position on the market, being able to compete with multinational tour operators like TUI, or Neckermann und Reisen with branches in Poland.

Tourist destinations by city

Historic buildings and places

Castles

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See also: List of castles in Poland

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Main article: Trail of the Eagles' Nests

Cultural events

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Further information: Culture of Poland
Warsaw
Kraków
Wrocław
Poznań
Other

Tourist resorts

There are dozens of sea resorts on the coast of Baltic Sea like Wolin Island, located close to the German border and the coast of Pomerania. In southern Poland there are resorts for skiing and hiking in the Karkonosze mountains, which is part of the Sudetes mountain range. Karkonosze includes the touristical centres of Karpacz and Szklarska Poręba. Other famous resorts for skiing and hiking include in Carpathian Mountains: Zakopane in the Tatra mountains; Szczyrk, Krynica-Zdrój, Ustroń, Wisła in Beskides or Szczawnica and Krościenko in Pieniny mountains.

Holocaust and Shtetl tourism

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Main article: Holocaust tourism

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Main article: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews
  • Shtetl Routes - shtetl routes of the Polish, Belorussian and Ukrainian borderland

Christian pilgrimage

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Main article: Christian pilgrimage

It's estimated that 13% (of the 1.8 million in 2005) of visitors of the Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń arrive from abroad. [10] Jasna Góra Monastery was visited by 3.6 million of pilgrims from 78 countries in 2014. [11]

Transport in Poland

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Main article: Transport in Poland

Since the fall of communism transport in Poland has improved significantly. There is acceptable tourist infrastructure, especially in larger cities and in major tourist resorts. Most major Polish cities (e.g. Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin) have international airports with connecting services with the Frédéric Chopin International Airport in Warsaw. Intercity travel supports the PKP Intercity, Przewozy Regionalne, local trains (Koleje Dolnośląskie, Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity), Koleje Mazowieckie and other) and PKS's, PolskiBus and many smaller companies. There are also coach connections to other countries provided by various companies (inter alia Eurolines). Connections by ferry to Sweden and Denmark through the Baltic Sea are for example from Gdańsk, Gdynia and Świnoujście.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Overnight stays in accommodation establishments in 2014 (PDF file, direct download 8.75 MB), Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Central Statistical Office (Poland)), pp. 174–177 / 254. Warsaw 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Information about tourism in Poland (in Polish). Source: Instytut Turystyki, 2008.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa, "Wrocław – zespół historycznego centrum." (Polish)
  10. ↑ [1]
  11. ↑ [2]

Further reading

  • Kaszynski, Tadeusz, Through Europe to Poland by Car, 1st and rev. ed., New York, 1968
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