Tula Oblast

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Tula Oblast
Тульская область (Russian)
—  Oblast  —

Flag

Coat of arms
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Political status
Country Russia
Federal district Central[1]
Economic region Central[2]
Established September 26, 1937
Administrative center Tula
Government (as of March 2011)
 • Governor Vladimir Gruzdev[3]
 • Legislature Oblast Duma
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[4]
 • Total 25,700 km2 (9,900 sq mi)
Area rank 69th
Population (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total 1,553,925
 • Rank 27th
 • Density[6] 60.46/km2 (156.6/sq mi)
 • Urban 79.4%
 • Rural 20.6%
Time zone(s) MSK (UTC+03:00)[7]
ISO 3166-2 RU-TUL
License plates 71
Official languages Russian[8]
Official website

Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, Tulskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) with its present borders formed on September 26, 1937. Its administrative center is the city of Tula. The oblast has an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi)[9] and a population of 1,553,925 (2010 Census preliminary results).[5] The current governor of the oblast is Vladimir Gruzdev.

History

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People have inhabited Tula area since ancient times, as shown by discoveries of burial mounds (kurgans) and old settlements. These lands were occupied by the Slavic Vyatichi tribe, who cultivated the land, traded, and worked at crafts. This is confirmed by records in property registers, which mention an "ancient settlement" located at the place where the small Tulitsa River flows into the Upa River. In those long-ago times, its inhabitants may also have defended their settlements against raids by Tatars and nomadic tribes, but history is silent on this matter. The first mention of Tula is found in Nikon's chronicle in reference to the campaign of Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich of Chernigov. The chronicle notes that in 1146, the prince, who was heading for Ryazan, passed through a number of other settlements, including Tula, which at the time belonged to the Ryazan Principality.[10]

Geography

Tula Oblast is located in Russia's Central Federal District and borders Moscow, Ryazan, Lipetsk, Oryol, and Kaluga Oblasts.

Rivers

Tula Oblast contains more than 1,600 rivers and streams. Major rivers include:

Natural resources

The oblast is rich in iron ore, clay, limestone, and deposits of lignite (coal).[11] The lignite deposit is part of the Moscow coal basin.

Climate

Tula Oblast has a moderate continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters. Average January temperature is −10 °C (14 °F) in north and −9 °C (16 °F) in south. Average July temperature is about +19 °C (66 °F) to +20 °C (68 °F). Annual precipitation is 470 millimetres (19 in) in southeast and 575 millimetres (22.6 in) in northwest.

Politics

Oblast administration building

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Tula CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Tula Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Tula Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Oblast Duma exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Administrative divisions

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Demographics

Population: 1,553,925 (2010 Census);[5] 1,675,758 (2002 Census);[12] 1,867,013 (1989 Census).[13]

Ethnic composition (2010):[5]

  • 2002 Census population:
    • Urban: 1,366,818 (81.6%)
    • Rural: 308,940 (18.4%)
    • Males: 755,057 (45.1%)
    • Females: 920,701 (54.9%)
  • Females per 1000 Males: 1219
  • Average age : 41.7 years
    • Urban : 41.5 years
    • Rural : 42.8 years
    • Male : 37.8 years
    • Female : 44.9 years
2012
  • Births: 15 499 (10.1 per 1000)
  • Deaths: 27 197 (17.7 per 1000) [15]
  • Total fertility rate:[16]

2009 - 1.31 | 2010 - 1.31 | 2011 - 1.32 | 2012 - 1.43 | 2013 - 1.42 | 2014 - 1.47(e)

Religion





Circle frame.svg

Religion in Tula Oblast (2012)[17][18]

  Unaffiliated Christian (2%)
  Muslim (1%)
  Spiritual but not religious (19%)
  Atheist (13%)
  Other or undeclared (3%)

According to a 2012 official survey[17] 62% of the population of Tula Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Muslims. In addition, 19% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist, and 3% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[17]

Economy

Tula Oblast is part of the Central economic region. It is a prominent industrial center with metalworking, engineering, coalmining, and chemical industries.[19] Major industrial cities include Novomoskovsk and Aleksin. Historical industries, such as firearm, samovar, and accordion manufacturing, still play an important role in the region.

The oblast also has a developed agricultural sector, which ranks 33rd in Russia in agricultural production.[10] The sector includes farming grain (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beets, and vegetable growing, livestock raising, and dairying.

Culture

Leo Tolstoy's estate in Yasnaya Polyana

Tula Oblast has as many as 32 museums. Several are located in the administrative center of the oblast, the city of Tula, notably the Tula State Arms Museum, the Tula Kremlin, and the Tula Samovar Museum . Another important cultural tourist attractions is the home and country estate of Leo Tolstoy, Yasnaya Polyana, located 12 km outside of the city of Tula.

The oblast also has four professional theaters, a philharmonic orchestra, and a circus.

Notes and references

  1. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. http://www.gruzdev.ru/
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  6. The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
  7. Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  8. Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  9. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b11_14t/IssWWW.exe/Stg/centr/tula.htm
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  14. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
  15. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm
  16. http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
  18. 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
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See also

External links