Twipra Kingdom

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Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Kings of Tripura
Dhanya Manikya 1463-1515
Dharma Manikya II 1714-1733
Vijay Manikya II 1743-1760
Krishna Manikya 1760-1761
Rajdhar Manikya 1783-1804
Ramgana Manikya 1804-1809
Durga Manikya 1809-1813
Kashi Chandra 1826-1830
Krishna Kishore 1830-1849
Ishan Chandra 1849-1862
Bir Chandra 1862-1896
Radha Kishore 1896-1909
Birendra Kishore 1909-1923
Bir Bikram Kishore 1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore 1947-1949
Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman 1978-
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)

Twipra Kingdom (Sanskrit: Tripura, Anglicized: Tippera) was one of the largest historical kingdoms of the Tipra people who are allied to kachari ethnicity like Dimasa Kachari and bodo kachari in the North-east India.

The Tipra Kingdom was established around the confluence of the Brahmaputra river (Twima[clarification needed]) with the Meghna and Surma rivers in today's Central Bangladesh area. The capital was called Khorongma (Kholongma) and was along the Meghna river in the Sylhet Division of present-day Bangladesh.

Geography

This is the 7th and 8th century extent of Twipra Kingdom.

The present political areas which were part of the Tipra Kingdom are:

The Tipra Kingdom in all its various ages comprised the areas with the borders:

  1. Khasi Hills in the North
  2. Manipur Hills in the North-East
  3. Arakan Hills of Burma in the East
  4. The Bay of Bengal to the South
  5. The Brahmaputra river to the West

History

Early history

A list legendary Tripuri kings is given in the Rajmala chronicle,a 15th-century chronicle in Bengali verse written by the court pandits of Dharma Manikya (r. 1431). The chronicle traces the king's ancestry to the mythological Lunar Dynasty. In the 8th century, the Kingdom shifted its capital eastwards along the Surma river in Sylhet near present Kailasahar town of North Tripura.[citation needed]

The religion of the Tipra had 14 deities known as choddha devta (in Bengali) and is still preserved in the Choddha Devta Mandir in Old Agartala, which is maintained by the Tipra priests known as Chontai's, who oversee the festivals of the Kharchi and Ker according to traditions. It was similar to the Chinese folk religions.

Islamic invasions

The earliest historical records concerning the Twipra kingdom concern the 13th century, when it first came under pressure of the Islamic conquests in India. This is also the time of origin of the Manikya Dynasty, started when Ratna Fa adopted the title Manikya, which was held by all Kings of Tripura until the death of Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya in 1947. Ratna Fa shifted the capital to Rangamati on the banks of the river Gumti now in South Tripura. Twipra was first overrun by the Muslims under Tughril in 1279, but it managed to maintain its independence during the 14th to 17th centuries. Dhanya Manikya (r. 1463 to 1515) expanded Twipra's territorial domain well into Eastern Bengal. Rangamati was renamed Udaipur after Udai Manikya. The kingdom flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries, Kings such as Govinda Manikya putting up a defense against the pressure of the Muslim kingdoms to the west, until the final conquest by the Mughal Empire in 1733. After this, Twipra was a Mughal client kingdom, with the Mughal rulers taking influence on the appointment of its kings.

British India

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Main article: Tripura (princely state)

In British India, the kings retained an estate in British India, known as Tippera district or Chakla Roshnabad (now the greater Comilla region of Bangladesh), in addition to the independent area known as Hill Tippera, the present-day state of Tripura. Bir Chandra Manikya (1862–1896) modelled his administration on the pattern of British India, and enacted reforms including the formation of Agartala Municipal Corporation. The last king was Kirit Bikram Kishore, son of Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman, who ruled for two years, 1947-1949. In 1949, Tripura became part of the Republic of India. The Tripuri "heir apparent" is Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman (born 1978), the son of the last king, who is sometimes given the courtesy title of "Maharaja"[according to whom?].

See also

References

External links

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