United States Ambassador to Botswana

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Ambassador of the United States to Botswana
Seal of the United States Department of State.svg
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
Earl Robert Miller
since December 18, 2014
Nominator Barack Obama
Inaugural holder Charles H. Pletcher
as Chargé d'Affaires
Formation September 1966
Website U.S. Embassy - Gaborone

From 1885 until 1966 the area of Southern Africa that is now Botswana was part of the Bechuanaland Protectorate of Great Britain.

In June 1964, Britain accepted proposals for democratic self-government in Botswana. The seat of government was moved from Mafikeng in South Africa, to newly established in Gaberones (now Gaborone) in 1965. The 1965 constitution led to the first general elections and to independence on September 30, 1966.

The United States immediately recognized the new nation and moved to establish diplomatic relations. An embassy in Gaberones was established on September 30, 1966—independence day for Botswana. Charles H. Pletcher was appointed as Chargé d'affaires ad interim pending the appointment of an ambassador.

Ambassadors

U.S. diplomatic terms

Career FSO
After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.

Political appointee
A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends).

Appointed
The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as “commissioning”. It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional-recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate.

Presented credentials
The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador’s arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador’s letter, but this occurs only rarely.

Terminated mission
Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador’s commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.

Chargé d'affaires
The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. See chargé d'affaires.

Ad interim
Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". See ad interim.
  • Note: Charles H. Pletcher served as chargé d'affaires September 1966–June 1970. W. Kennedy Cromwell III served June 1970–September 1971.
  • Note: Until 1979 one ambassador, resident at Gaborone, was accredited to Botswana, Swaziland, and Lesotho.
  • Charles J. Nelson – Political appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: June 9, 1971
    • Presented credentials: November 3, 1971
    • Terminated mission: Left Gaborone, March 2, 1974
  • David B. Bolen – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: February 28, 1974
    • Presented credentials: April 22, 1974
    • Terminated mission: Left Gaborone, August 11, 1976
  • Donald R. Norland – Career FSO[1]
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 17, 1976
    • Presented credentials: February 23, 1978
    • Terminated mission: Left Gaborone, September 8, 1979
  • Note: In 1979 the first ambassador was appointed solely for Botswana.
  • Horace Dawson – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 12, 1979
    • Presented credentials: November 27, 1979
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 27, 1982
  • Theodore C. Maino – Political appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: September 30, 1982
    • Presented credentials: December 2, 1982
    • Terminated mission: Left post, September 6, 1985
  • Natale H. Bellocchi – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 28, 1985
    • Presented credentials: November 19, 1985
    • Terminated mission: Left post, September 16, 1988
  • John Florian Kordek – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: August 11, 1988
    • Presented credentials: September 29, 1988
    • Terminated mission: Left post, November 1, 1989
  • David Passage – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: June 27, 1990
    • Presented credentials: August 7, 1990
    • Terminated mission: Left post, April 29, 1993
  • Howard Franklin Jeter – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: July 16, 1993
    • Presented credentials: September 9, 1993
    • Terminated mission: Left post, June 21, 1996
  • Robert Krueger – Political appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: June 6, 1996
    • Presented credentials: July 23, 1996
    • Terminated mission: Left post December 6, 1999
  • John E. Lange – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 16, 1999
    • Presented credentials: December 15, 1999
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 8, 2002
  • Joseph Huggins – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 15, 2002
    • Presented credentials: January 28, 2003
    • Terminated mission: Left post, July 26, 2005
  • Emil M. Skodon – Career FSO[2]
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed:
    • Presented credentials:
    • Terminated mission:
  • Katherine H. P. Canavan – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: August 2, 2005
    • Presented credentials: September 27, 2005
    • Terminated mission: June 27, 2008[3]
  • Stephen J. Nolan – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: June 23, 2008[4]
    • Presented credentials: October 6, 2008
    • Terminated mission: ca. June 2011
  • Michelle D. Gavin – Political appointee
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: ca. April 2011
    • Presented credentials: ca. June 2011
    • Terminated mission: Unknown
  • Earl Robert Miller – Political appointee
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: December 2014
    • Presented credentials: Unknown
    • Terminated mission: Incumbent


Notes

  1. ↑ Norland was commissioned during a recess of the Senate and recommissioned after confirmation on June 24, 1977.
  2. ↑ Skodon’s nomination was not acted upon by the Senate.
  3. ↑ United States Dep’t of State: Biography of Katherine H. Canavan[dead link]
  4. ↑ United States Dep’t of State: Biography of Stephen J. Nolan

See also

References

External links

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