Ventnor City, New Jersey

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Ventnor City, New Jersey
City
City of Ventnor City
Atlantic Ocean shoreline
Atlantic Ocean shoreline
Motto: Shore'ly the Best![1]
Map of Ventnor City in Atlantic County. Inset: Location of Atlantic County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Map of Ventnor City in Atlantic County. Inset: Location of Atlantic County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Ventnor City, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Ventnor City, New Jersey
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[2][3]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Atlantic
Incorporated March 17, 1903[4]
Named for Ventnor, Isle of Wight
Government[7]
 • Type Walsh Act
 • Body Board of Commissioners
 • Mayor Mike Bagnell (term ends May 17, 2016)[1][5]
 • Administrator Sandra M. Biagi[1]
 • Clerk Janice K. Callaghan[6]
Area[2]
 • Total 3.522 sq mi (9.123 km2)
 • Land 1.951 sq mi (5.054 km2)
 • Water 1.571 sq mi (4.068 km2)  44.60%
Area rank 313th of 566 in state
20th of 23 in county[2]
Elevation[8] 3 ft (0.9 m)
Population (2010 Census)[9][10][11]
 • Total 10,650
 • Estimate (2014)[12] 10,597
 • Rank 228th of 566 in state
8th of 23 in county[13]
 • Density 5,457.4/sq mi (2,107.1/km2)
 • Density rank 98th of 566 in state
1st of 23 in county[13]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP code 08406[14][15]
Area code(s) 609[16]
FIPS code 3400175620[2][17][18]
GNIS feature ID 0885426[2][19]
Website www.ventnorcity.org

Ventnor City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 10,650,[9][10][11] reflecting a decrease of 2,260 (-17.5%) from the 12,910 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,905 (+17.3%) from the 11,005 counted in the 1990 Census.[20]

Ventnor City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1903, from portions of Egg Harbor Township.[4][21]

History

Mrs. S. Bartram Richards, the wife of the secretary-treasurer of the Camden and Atlantic Land Company, suggested the name "Ventnor" for the area then being developed by the company south of Atlantic City, having recently visited the seashore resort in England on the Isle of Wight with the same name. The name was chosen in January 1889. The city was formally incorporated by the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1903.[22][23]

Chapter 51 of the laws and Sessions of the State of New Jersey provided the beginning to Ventnor City stating, "Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of New Jersey that all part or portion of the County of Atlantic, formerly a part of Egg Harbor Township, situated on Absecon Beach, lying between the Westwardly limit of Atlantic City and the Eastwardly limit of South Atlantic City, the Atlantic Ocean on the south as far as the jurisdiction of the State extends, and to the center of Beach Thoroughfare on the North, be, and is hereby constituted as a City of this State, and all of the inhabitants of the State residing within the limits aforesaid be and they are hereby ordained, constituted and declared to be from time to time forever hereafter one body politic and corporate, in fact and in name, by the name, Ventnor City. This act shall take effect immediately, and was approved on March 17, 1903."[22]

The first meeting was held on April 20, 1903, in the Carisbrooke Inn, which was located behind the present City Hall, on Atlantic Avenue between Cambridge and Sacramento Avenues; Carisbrooke is also a place name taken from the Isle of Wight.[22]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.522 square miles (9.123 km2), including 1.951 square miles (5.054 km2) of land and 1.571 square miles (4.068 km2) of water (44.60%).[2][3]

The city is located on 8.1-mile (13.0 km) long Absecon Island, along with Atlantic City to the northeast, and Margate City and Longport on the southwest.[24]

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ventnor City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[25]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop.
1910 491
1920 2,193 346.6%
1930 6,674 204.3%
1940 7,905 18.4%
1950 8,158 3.2%
1960 8,688 6.5%
1970 10,385 19.5%
1980 11,704 12.7%
1990 11,005 −6.0%
2000 12,910 17.3%
2010 10,650 −17.5%
Est. 2014 10,597 [12][26] −0.5%
Population sources: 1910-2000[27]
1910-1920[28] 1910[29] 1910-1930[30]
1930-1990[31] 2000[32][33] 2010[9][10][11]

2010 Census

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 10,650 people, 4,592 households, and 2,645 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,457.4 per square mile (2,107.1/km2). There were 7,829 housing units at an average density of Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).. The racial makeup of the city was 75.83% (8,076) White, 4.25% (453) Black or African American, 0.47% (50) Native American, 8.68% (924) Asian, 0.05% (5) Pacific Islander, 8.08% (860) from other races, and 2.65% (282) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 18.05% (1,922) of the population.[9]

There were 4,592 households, of which 20.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.4% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 3.00.[9]

In the city, 18.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $52,465 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,688) and the median family income was $66,467 (+/- $9,437). Males had a median income of $42,560 (+/- $12,377) versus $33,693 (+/- $5,007) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $34,790 (+/- $4,057). About 9.0% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.[34]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[17] there were 12,910 people, 5,480 households, and 3,255 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,023.2 people per square mile (2,329.2/km2). There were 8,009 housing units at an average density of 1, 445.0/km2 (3,736.6/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 77.10% White, 2.94% African American, 0.19% Native American, 7.45% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 9.37% from other races, and 2.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.14% of the population.[32][33]

The most common ethnic groups reported in the 2000 Census in Ventnor City were Italian (22.8%), Irish (15.5%), German (8.7%), English (6.2%), Russian (4.2%), Polish (3.6%).[35]

There were 5,480 households out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.02.[32][33]

In the city the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.[32][33]

The median income for a household in the city was $42,478, and the median income for a family was $52,701. Males had a median income of $31,300 versus $26,788 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,631. About 3.4% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.[32][33]

Government

Local government

On September 17, 1968, the then existing Mayor-Council form of government was changed to a Commission form of government, under the Walsh Act, and consists of three Commissioners. Voters choose three Commissioners to serve four-year terms of office chosen at-large on a concurrent basis in non-partisan elections held as part of the May municipal election. After each election, the three elected commissioners are each assigned a department to oversee and choose one of their members to serve as Mayor.[7][36][37]

As of 2015, the members of the Ventnor City Board of Commissioners are Mayor Michael Bagnell (Commissioner of Public Affairs and Public Safety), Theresa Kelly (Commissioner of Public Works, Parks and Public Property) and Frank Sarno (Commissioner of Revenue and Finance), all serving terms of office that end on May 17, 2016.[1][38][39]

In the May 2012 elections, challengers Mike Bagnell (with 1,213 votes) and Frank Sarno (1,175) won seats on the commission, while incumbent Theresa Kelly won the third seat with 1,164 votes, putting her two votes ahead of Albert Battaglia after provisional ballots were counted.[40]

Michael Advena was sworn into office in November 2011 after winning a special election for the vacant seat that had been held by Stephen Weintrob.[41][42]

Federal, state and county representation

Ventnor City is located in the 2nd Congressional District[43] and is part of New Jersey's 2nd state legislative district.[10][44][45]

New Jersey's Second Congressional District is represented by Frank LoBiondo (R, Ventnor City).[46] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[47] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[48][49]

The 2nd Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Jim Whelan (D, Atlantic City) and in the General Assembly by Chris A. Brown (R, Ventnor City) and Vince Mazzeo (D, Northfield).[50] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[51] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[52]

Atlantic County is governed by a directly elected executive and a nine-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, responsible for legislation. The executive serves a four-year term and the freeholders are elected to staggered three-year terms, of which four are elected from the county on an at-large basis and five of the freeholders represent equally populated districts.[53][54] As of 2015, Atlantic County's Executive is Republican Dennis Levinson, whose term of office ends December 31, 2015.[55] Members of the Board of Chosen Freeholders are Chairman Frank D. Formica, Freeholder District 2, including Atlantic City (part), Egg Harbor Township (part), Linwood, Longport, Margate, Northfield, Somers Point and Ventnor (R, 2015),[56] Vice Chairman James A. Bertino, Freeholder District 5, including Buena Borough, Buena Vista Township, Corbin City, Egg Harbor City, Estell Manor, Folsom, Hamilton Township (part), Hammonton, Mullica Township and Weymouth (R, 2015),[57] Colin G. Bell, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2015),[58] John Carman, Freeholder District 3, including Egg Harbor Township (part) and Hamilton Township (part) (R, 2017),[59] Ernest D. Coursey, Freeholder District 1, including Atlantic City (part), Egg Harbor Township (part) and Pleasantville (R, 2016),[60] Richard Dase, Freeholder District 4, including Absecon, Brigantine, Galloway Township and Port Republic (D, 2016),[61] Alexander C. Marino, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2017),[62] Will Pauls, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2016)[63] and John W. Risley, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2017).[64][65][66] Constitutional officers are County Clerk Edward P. McGettigan (2016),[67] Sheriff Frank X. Balles (R, 2017)[68] and Surrogate James Curcio (2015).[69][70]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 6,293 registered voters in Ventnor City, of which 1,636 (26.0% vs. 30.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 2,012 (32.0% vs. 25.2%) were registered as Republicans and 2,644 (42.0% vs. 44.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 1 voters registered to other parties.[71] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 59.1% (vs. 58.8% in Atlantic County) were registered to vote, including 72.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 76.6% countywide).[71][72]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,170 votes (51.8% vs. 57.9% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,965 votes (46.9% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 30 votes (0.7% vs. 0.9%), among the 4,192 ballots cast by the city's 6,861 registered voters, for a turnout of 61.1% (vs. 65.8% in Atlantic County).[73][74] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,372 votes (50.3% vs. 56.5% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 2,257 votes (47.8% vs. 41.6%) and other candidates with 50 votes (1.1% vs. 1.1%), among the 4,718 ballots cast by the city's 7,009 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.3% (vs. 68.1% in Atlantic County).[75] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 2,493 votes (52.1% vs. 52.0% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 2,205 votes (46.1% vs. 46.2%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.7% vs. 0.8%), among the 4,783 ballots cast by the city's 6,726 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.1% (vs. 69.8% in the whole county).[76]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,806 votes (66.9% vs. 60.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 775 votes (28.7% vs. 34.9%) and other candidates with 40 votes (1.5% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,699 ballots cast by the city's 6,897 registered voters, yielding a 39.1% turnout (vs. 41.5% in the county).[77][78] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,548 votes (50.9% vs. 47.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,290 votes (42.4% vs. 44.5%), Independent Chris Daggett with 132 votes (4.3% vs. 4.8%) and other candidates with 26 votes (0.9% vs. 1.2%), among the 3,043 ballots cast by the city's 6,549 registered voters, yielding a 46.5% turnout (vs. 44.9% in the county).[79]

Education

The Ventnor City School District serves public school students in pre-Kindergarten through eighth grade. As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's two schools had an enrollment of 905 students and 76.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.83:1.[80] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[81]) are Ventnor Elementary School[82] with 501 students in grades PreK-5 and Ventnor Middle School[83] with 404 students in grades 6-8.[84] The two are operated as separate schools but are located in a single, large building known as the Ventnor Educational Community Complex or VECC. The original school was built in 1970.

Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades, along with those from Brigantine, Longport and Margate City, attend Atlantic City High School in neighboring Atlantic City, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Atlantic City School District that has existed since 1920,[85][86] though options for an alternative high school are being considered.[87]

Students from Ventnor City, and all of Atlantic County, have the option to attend the career technical programs and full-time career academies offered by the Atlantic County Institute of Technology located in the Mays Landing section of Hamilton Township[88] or the Charter-Tech High School for the Performing Arts, located in Somers Point.[89]

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden announced that it would close Holy Family Regional School at the end of the 2010-11 school year, as its enrollment of 92 students in preschool through eighth grade was insufficient to cover an annual deficit that had reached $172,000. The school had operated for three years following the merger of Blessed Sacrament School of Margate City and Ventnor's St. James School.[90][91]

Transportation

Dorset Avenue Bridge

A double-leaf bascule drawbridge separates Ventnor Heights across the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW), Inside Thorofare. It is managed federally. [92]

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 36.45 miles (58.66 km) of roadways, of which 34.03 miles (54.77 km) were maintained by the municipality and 2.42 miles (3.89 km) by the county.[93]

Public transportation

New Jersey Transit provides bus service in the city to Atlantic City on routes 504 (from Ventnor Plaza) and 505 (from Longport).[94][95]

Notable people

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People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Ventnor City include:

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  84. New Jersey School Directory for the Ventnor City School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 17, 2013.
  85. Atlantic City School District 2014 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 9, 2015. "Our elementary schools serve Atlantic City residents, while our high school serves students from Atlantic City, Ventnor, Brigantine, Margate, and Longport."
  86. From the Superintendent, Atlantic City Public School District. Accessed October 25, 2014. "Our elementary schools serve Atlantic City residents, while our high school serves students from Atlantic City, Ventnor, Brigantine, Margate and Choice students from across Atlantic County."
  87. Lemongello, Steven. "Ventnor school district waiting, watching as Brigantine attempts to pull students from Atlantic City High School", The Press of Atlantic City, March 14, 2011. Accessed October 25, 2014. "The Brigantine School District has already sought to sever its relationship with Atlantic City High School, and now Ventnor is weighing its options. The Ventnor School District is in a 'wait-and-see pattern' when it comes to Brigantine's bid to send its students to Cedar Creek High School in Egg Harbor City, Ventnor Superintendent Carmine Bonanni said. A successful effort by Brigantine could lead the way for Ventnor, one of three other Atlantic City High School sending districts, to make a change."
  88. About Us, Atlantic County Institute of Technology. Accessed November 20, 2013.
  89. Profile, Charter-Tech High School for the Performing Arts. Accessed November 20, 2013.
  90. Holy Family Regional School, Ventnor, to close, Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden. Accessed August 11, 2013.
  91. Barna, John. "Holy Family School in Ventnor to close at end of school year", Gloucester County Times, February 10, 2011. Accessed August 11, 2013.
  92. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  93. Atlantic County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed November 20, 2013.
  94. Atlantic County Bus / Rail Connections, New Jersey Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 26, 2010. Accessed November 20, 2013.
  95. South Jersey Transit Guide, Cross County Connection, as of April 1, 2010. Accessed November 20, 2013.
  96. Brown, Chris A. "Assemblyman Chris A. Brown / Atlantic Club employees are assets the city needs", The Press of Atlantic City, January 12, 2014. Accessed October 25, 2014. "Chris A. Brown, of Ventnor, is a Republican assemblyman representing Atlantic County."
  97. Weinberg, David. "Saintly fans have Ventnor's Colman pulling for old team", The Press of Atlantic City, February 7, 2010. Accessed September 9, 2012. "Wayne Colman will wear a Wayne Colman jersey. The Ventnor native played 7½ seasons for the Saints as an outside linebacker from 1969-76.... Wayne Colman, a former standout at Atlantic City High School and Temple University, got his start in the NFL with the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 1968."
  98. Estrada, Louie. "The Rev. Royden B. Davis; Georgetown Dean", The Washington Post, April 4, 2002. Accessed September 9, 2012. "The Rev. [Royden B. Davis], 78, a Jesuit priest who was dean of Georgetown University's college of arts and sciences from 1966 to 1989, died of congestive heart failure April 2 at the Jesuit residence at the University of Scranton (Pa.).... Father Davis was a native of Ventnor City, N.J."
  99. Staff. "2,500 IN JERSEY SEE EDGE INAUGURATED; He Takes Oath as Governor for Second Time in 27 Years as Edison Retires CHARTER ACTION PLEDGED Quick Move for Soldier Ballot and Hudson Vote Machines Among Steps Urged", The New York Times, January 19, 1944. Accessed September 9, 2012. "...Walter Evans Edge of Ventnor began here today a second term as the State's Chief Executive with a clarion call to the Legislature to draft a new constitution conforming to the demand of the electorate for a fundamental law basic to sound government."
  100. Colimore, Edward. "Angelo Errichetti dies; ex-Camden mayor was Abscam figure", The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 29, 2013. Accessed November 20, 2013. "Angelo J. Errichetti, 84, a former Camden mayor and state senator who was South Jersey's premier Democratic power broker in the decade before his 1981 bribery conviction in the Abscam scandal, has died after a long illness. He had been living in Ventnor, N.J."
  101. Kleiman, Dena. "Frank S. Farley, 75, Ex-Legislator And G.O.P. Leader in Jersey, Dies", The New York Times, September 25, 1977. Accessed July 25, 2012. "Frank S. Farley, a former New Jersey State Senator who served 34 years in the Legislature longer than anyone in New Jersey history and was regarded as one of the state's most influential politicians, died yesterday at his home in Ventnor, N.J. He was 75 years old."
  102. Staff. "Foulois to Seek Congress Seat", The New York Times, August 5, 1942. Accessed September 9, 2012. "Benjamin D. Foulois of Ventnor, retired Army Air Corps chieftain and civilian defense coordinator for South Jersey, was designated here tonight by Republican leaders to run for Congress in New Jersey's Second Congressional District".
  103. Staff. "FORMER PA. REPRESENTATIVE ROLAND GREENFIELD DIES AT 78", The Press of Atlantic City, August 23, 1997. Accessed September 9, 2012. "Former Majority Whip of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Roland Greenfield of Ventnor, died Friday at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia. He was 78."
  104. Smith, Shaun. "Ventnor adding local funds to federal beach project", Shore News Today, June 22, 2011. Accessed September 9, 2012. "Last July, U.S. Rep. Frank LoBiondo, a Ventnor resident, announced the Army Corps of Engineers approval of $7.8 million in emergency federal funding to restore beaches eroded in Atlantic City and Ventnor during a nor'easter in November 2009."
  105. via Associated Press. "Sol Metzger, Sports Critic, Seriously Ill", Milwaukee Sentinel, January 15, 1932. Accessed September 9, 2012. "Sol Metzger, veteran sports writer and former football coach, is in a serious condition Wednesday night at his home in Ventnor, a suburb."
  106. Staff. "DR. PARKHURST DIES OF A FALL IN SLEEP; Reformer, 91, a Somnambulist, Plunges From Porch Roof of New Jersey Home. FAMED AS A CRUSADER; In 1894 He Overthrew the Tammany Machine and Drove Croker to Europe.", The New York Times, September 9, 1933. Accessed September 9, 2012. "The Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, militant New York crusader of the Nineties and for a generation one of the moral leaders of the city, was injured fatally today when he plunged from a porch roof while walking in his sleep.... He was found unconscious on the sidewalk beside his home, 108 Surrey Avenue, Ventnor, shortly after 3:30 A. M."
  107. Staff. "Agent says Ventnor native Greg Roman a finalist for Penn State job", The Press of Atlantic City, January 3, 2012. Accessed September 10, 2012. "San Francisco 49ers offensive coordinator Greg Roman, a Ventnor native and Holy Spirit High School graduate, is a finalist for the Penn State football head-coaching job, his agent said Monday."
  108. John Roman, National Football League. Accessed September 9, 2012.
  109. Lulgjuraj, Susan. "'The Mighty Macs,' based on Oakcrest High grad Cathy Rush, set for release today", The Press of Atlantic City, October 21, 2011. Accessed October 28, 2011. "Cathy Rush invited friends to her home in Ventnor a couple of years ago to watch an advance copy of the movie The Mighty Macs....Rush, a native of West Atlantic City in Egg Harbor Township, saw the filming of this movie.... 'My stomach dropped,' said Rush, a 1964 Oakcrest High School graduate. 'It was the most disconcerting thing because it was real.'"
  110. Schwartz, Samuel H. "Segal to Be President Of Council in Ventnor", Atlantic City Press, January 1, 1968. Accessed October 18, 2015. "VENTNOR - Meyer I. (Mike) Segal - a First Ward Counciman since 1963 - will be elected as City Council president at tday's Council reorganization meeting, The Press learned."
  111. Buchanan, Paul D. Radical Feminists: A Guide to an American Subculture, p. 132. ABC-CLIO, 2011. ISBN 1-59884-356-7. Accessed December 4, 2011. "Solanas's childhood seemed to provide sufficient justification for her rage. Born on April 9, 1936, in Ventnor City, New Jersey, Valerie Jean Solanas was the daughter of Louis and Dorothy Bondo Solanas."

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Margate City