Verbascum
Verbascum | |
---|---|
File:Verbascum sinuatum August 2007-1.jpg | |
Wavyleaf mullein (Verbascum sinuatum) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
(unranked): | |
(unranked): | |
(unranked): | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Tribe: | |
Genus: |
Verbascum
|
Species | |
See text |
|
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Lua error in Module:Taxonbar/candidate at line 22: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Verbascum (/vɜːrˈbæskəm/[2]), common name mullein (sg. /ˈmʌlᵻn/[3]) (also known as velvet plant), is a genus of about 360 species[4] of flowering plants in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.
Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.[5]
Contents
Description
They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5 to 3 metres (1.6 to 9.8 ft) tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species. The flowers have five symmetrical petals; petal colours in different species include yellow (most common), orange, red-brown, purple, blue, or white. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous minute seeds.
Cultivation
In gardening and landscaping, the mulleins are valued for their tall narrow stature and for flowering over a long period of time, even in dry soils. Many cultivars are available, of which "Gainsborough",[6] "Letitia"[7] and "Pink Domino"[8] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Since 2000, a number of new hybrid cultivars have come out that have increased flower size, shorter heights, and a tendency to be longer-lived plants. A number have new colors for this genus. Many mulleins are raised from seed, including both the short-lived perennial and biennial types.
Other uses
Verbascum thapsus has a long history of use as an herbal remedy.[9] Although this plant is a recent arrival to North America, Native Americans used the ground seeds of this plant as a paralytic fish poison due to their high levels of rotenone.[citation needed] Verbascum sp. flowers have been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally (as tea) or externally (as ointment, tea, baths or compresses) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, skin, veins, gastrointestinal tract, and the locomotor system.[10]
The stalk of the plant is considered a first-rate drill for use in the hand drill method of friction fire lighting.[citation needed]
Selected species
See also
- Mullein moth, a species in the order Lepidoptera which feeds on Verbascum and other plants.
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
References
- Flora Europaea: Verbascum
- Flora of China: Verbascum
- Davis, P. H., Edmondson, J. R., Mill, R. R., & Parris, B. S., eds. (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 461.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Verbascum. |
- Texts on Wikisource:
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Verbascum.org
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011
- Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW
- Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia
- Verbascum
- Medicinal plants