Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
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| Victor Emmanuel I | |||||
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Victor Emanuel I in Coronation Robes
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| King of Sardinia Duke of Savoy |
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| Reign | 4 June 1802 – 12 March 1821 | ||||
| Predecessor | Charles Emmanuel IV | ||||
| Successor | Charles Felix | ||||
| Born | 24 July 1759 Royal Palace of Turin, Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia |
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| Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Castle of Moncalieri, Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia |
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| Burial | Basilica of Superga, Turin | ||||
| Consort | Maria Teresa of Austria-Este | ||||
| Issue among others... |
Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Modena Maria Teresa, Duchess of Parma Maria Anna, Empress of Austria Maria Christina, Queen of the Two Sicilies |
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| House | House of Savoy | ||||
| Father | Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia | ||||
| Mother | Maria Antonietta of Spain | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
Victor Emmanuel I (Vittorio Emanuele; 24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia (1802–1821).
Contents
Biography
Victor Emmanuel was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonietta of Spain, daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese.
Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta. From 1792 to 1796, Aosta's father had taken an active part in the struggle of the old powers against the French Revolutionary forces, but were defeated and forced to make peace. The old king died shortly thereafter; and, in December 1798, his eldest son and successor, Charles Emmanuel IV, was faced with a French occupation and, eventually, annexation, of his mainland territories.
Charles Emmanuel and his family were forced to withdraw to Sardinia, which was the only part of his domains not conquered by the French. Charles Emmanuel himself took little interest in the rule of Sardinia, living with his wife on the mainland in Naples and Rome until his wife's death in 1802, which led the childless Charles Emmanuel to abdicate the throne in favor of his younger brother. Aosta took the throne on 4 June 1802 as Victor Emmanuel I. He ruled Sardinia from Cagliari for the next twelve years, during which time he constituted the Carabinieri, a Gendarmerie corps, still existing as one of the main branches of the military of Italy.
Victor Emmanuel could return to Turin only in 1814, his realm reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna with the addition of the territories of the former Republic of Genoa. The latter became the seat of the Sardinian Navy. Victor Emmanuel abolished all the freedoms granted by the Napoleonic Codices and restored a fiercely oppressive rule: He refused any concession of a constitution, entrusted the instruction to the Church and reintroduced the persecutions against Jews and Waldensians.
After the death of his brother in 1819, he also became the heir-general of the Jacobite succession to the British thrones as Victor Emmanuel I of England, Scotland and Ireland, although he, like his brother, did not make any public claims to this effect. When Victor Emmanuel died, Lord Liverpool, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, wrote to his ministerial colleague George Canning that there should be public mourning in Britain, as a significant number of Britons had regarded Victor Emmanuel as their rightful king.[citation needed]
After the outbreak of the liberal revolution in his lands in 1821, he abdicated in favour of his brother, Charles Felix. Victor Emanuel died in the Castle of Moncalieri. He is buried in the Basilica of Superga.
Family and children
On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena (who was the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor).
They had six daughters and one son who died very young:
- Maria Beatrice Victoria Josepha of Savoy (1792–1840), married her uncle Francis IV, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Modena
- Maria Adelaide Clothilde Xaveria Borbonia of Savoy (1794–1802)
- Charles Emanuel (1796–1799) died of smallpox.
- A daughter (1800–1801)
- Maria Teresa Fernanda Felicitas Gaetana Pia of Savoy (1803–1879), married Charles II, Duke of Parma (1799–1883)
- Maria Anna Ricarda Carlotta Margherita Pia of Savoy (1803–1884), married Ferdinand I of Austria
- Maria Cristina Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elise of Savoy (1812–1836), married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ancestry
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
- 24 July 1759 - 4 June 1802 - His Royal Highness The Duke of Aosta
- 4 June 1802 - 12 March 1821 - His Majesty The King of Sardinia
- 12 March 1821 - 10 January 1824 - His Majesty King Victor Emanuel of Sardinia
See also
References
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External links
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Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
Born: 24 July 1759 Died: 10 January 1824 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | King of Sardinia 1802–1821 |
Succeeded by Charles Felix |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Preceded by | Jacobite succession 1819–1824 |
Succeeded by Maria Beatrice of Savoy |
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- Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011
- Commons category link from Wikidata
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia with an unnamed parameter
- 1759 births
- 1824 deaths
- People from Turin
- Dukes of Aosta
- Kings of Sardinia
- Monarchs who abdicated
- House of Savoy
- Claimant Kings of Jerusalem
- Jacobite pretenders
- Roman Catholic monarchs
- Burials at the Basilica of Superga
- Princes of Savoy
- Grand Masters of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
- Grand Masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
