Villarreal

For the football club, see Villarreal CF.

For other uses, see Villarreal (disambiguation).

Vila-real Vila-real (Valencian) Villarreal (Spanish)
Municipality
Vila-real (official)
Villarreal, Vila Square and Sant Jaume Street
Flag Coat of arms
Vila-real Location in Spain
Coordinates:
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Valencian Community
Province	Castellón
Comarca	Plana Baixa
Judicial district	Vila-real
Founded	20 February 1274
Government
• Type	Mayor-council government
• Body	Ajuntament de Vila-real
• Mayor	José Benlloch (PSPV)
Area
• Total	55.1 km2 (21.3 sq mi)
Elevation	42 m (138 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	51,367
• Density	930/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	vila-realencs (va) villarrealenses (es)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	12540
Dialing code	+34
Official language(s)	Valencian and Spanish
Website	Official website

Villarreal (Spanish: [ˈbiʎareˈal]), officially Vila-real (Valencian: [ˈvila reˈaɫ]), is a city in the province of Castelló, in the Valencian Community, Spain.

The city is located at 42 m above sea level, 7 km to the south of the province's capital (Castelló de la Plana), which it is separate from by the Mijares (or Millars) River. it has 51,367 inhabitants (2010 data), most of them living in the urban area that covers about 10.72% of its comarca's 55.4 km² surface. Ranked by population, it is the second-largest city in the province (after the capital), and fifteenth in the Valencian Community.

The city was founded with royal status by King James I of Aragon in 1274 during his campaign to regain Muslim territory in present-day Valencia during the Reconquista. It later became an agricultural centre for orange cultivation, and more recently a centre for the ceramics industry.

Name

The city's former Valencian name, Vilareal, adorns its representative in a tapestry of the 1592 Valencian Parliament.

Both the Castilian Spanish Villarreal and Valencian Catalan Vila-real are cognates meaning 'Royal Village', due to the city's foundation by King James I of Aragon. Throughout the Middle Ages, as were most European settlements, it was known by its Latinised name Villae Regalis. A 1592 tapestry of the Valencian Parliament shows the city's representative with the old Valencian name Vilareal. It was in the late 18th century, as Spain became more centralised, that the Castilian name took over. The city was renamed in 1939, after the Spanish Civil War, as Villarreal de los Infantes (Royal Town of the Infantes), to avoid confusion with other Spanish localities with the same name. It is sometimes still referred to under this extended version.

On 27 February 2006, after a campaign which started in the 1980s, the Valencian form became the only official name for the city, after a unanimous vote by the city council.

Inhabitants of the city are known as vila-realencs (male) or vila-realenques (female) in Valencian, and villarrealenses in Spanish.

History

Villarreal was founded on 20 February 1274 by King James I of Aragon (hence its royal status), to strengthen his reconquest of Eastern Spain from the Moors. It was placed strategically on the ancient Via Augusta 65 km north from Valencia, and in the outskirts of the then-Muslim stronghold of Borriana. It was founded with royal status, with representation in the Valencian Parliament and Delegation of the Kingdom, and had the privilege of using the royal standard as its ensign. Villarreal was part of the royal sector of the Valencian Parliament and had an active say in its affairs.

The original town surrounded with wall, expanded outside from the 14th century due to an increase of population. The demographic and economic imbalances which characterise the 15th century carried on into the beginning of the 16th with constant conflicts with the Mudéjars (remaining Muslims in the Christian realms) of the nearby dominions and in a short, but very active participation, in favour of the Criminal slangs.

During the 16th century, the farming land began to be extended and enhanced by drilling wells to obtain water and convert dry land into irrigated fields, making it possible to begin commercial agriculture in the 17th century. After its disastrous participation in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the second half of the 18th century, the first industries were established, mainly for textiles. Also during that time, the city became involved in various revolts and wars which changed Spain's political make-up.

In the 19th century, the cultivation and trade of orange was introduced, which gave the town great economic progress, led both by businessmen and by farmers' associations or "cooperatives". After the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the earnings obtained from the orange trade allowed several entrepreneurs to build ceramic tile factories as a way to diversify their industries. Ceramics has continued to expand up to the present day, and is now Villareal's main economic activity.

Main sights

Belltower of St. James's Church.

Sights in the town include:

• Església de Sant Jaume (Saint James's Church), from the 18th century.
• Basílica de Sant Pasqual (Saint Paschal's Basilica), from the 16th century.
• Plaça Major (Main Square), a square surrounded by several porticoed houses built in different periods.
• The City Museum "Casa de Polo"
• Chapel and park of Mare de Déu de Gràcia (Our Lady of Grace).

Economy

Villarreal's economy has evolved since the days of cultivation and trade of oranges in the last century to the manufacturing of ceramic tiles, which today is its most important source of income.

It hosts 4 of Spain's 500 largest businesses, all of which trade in the ceramic tile industry. Other industries in the city include financial services, bricks and other clay products, and basic metals.

Sport

File:El Madrigal Stadium 02.jpg

Villarreal CF playing at the Estadio El Madrigal

The town is home to Villarreal CF, a football club in La Liga, Spain's highest tier of football. Founded in 1923, the club reached the national divisions in 1956 and the top-tier in 1998. During a successful spell in La Liga, the side were League runners-up in the 2007-08 season and a Champions League semi-finalist in 2006. The team play at the Estadio El Madrigal, which with a 25,000-seat capacity could fit half of the municipal population. Villarreal full-back Joan Capdevila played in the Spain squad which won the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

External links

• Vilapedia, wiki about Vila-real, history, economy, tourist info, etc.