Volvo Modular engine

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Volvo Modular Engine
B5252S.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer Volvo Cars
Production 1990–2016[1]
Combustion chamber
Configuration I4, I5, I6
Displacement 1.6L–2.9L
Cylinder block alloy Aluminum
Cylinder head alloy Aluminum
Valvetrain DOHC
Combustion
Fuel system Fuel injection
Management Bosch LH-Jetronic[2]
Bosch Motronic[3][4]
Bosch ME Motronic[5][6]
Siemens Fenix[7]
Siemens EMS 2000[8]
Denso EMS[9][6]
Necam MEGA[nb 1][10]
Fuel type Petrol
LPG
CNG
Oil system Wet sump
Cooling system Water-cooled
Chronology
Predecessor PRV[11] (6cyl)
Redblock (4cyl)
Successor VEA (general replacement)
SI6[12][13] (6cyl)

The Volvo Modular Engine was a family of straight-four, straight-five, and straight-six automobile piston engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde,[14] Sweden from 1990[15] until 2016. All engines feature an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder head, forged steel connecting rods, aluminum pistons and double overhead camshafts.[15]

History

The Volvo Modular Engine was developed as part of Project Galaxy[16][17] which began in the late 1970s.[18][19] The prototype engines called X-100[20] had only four cylinders[21] but already featured the sandwich and all aluminum construction of the later production variants.[22][23] Early prototypes of the X-100 were designed similar to the existing redblock engines with a single camshaft and the oilfilter mounted on the side of the engine rather than the bottom.[24]

The first available engine was the B6304F[25] which debuted in August 1990 in the Volvo 960.[15] A year later, with the introduction of the Volvo 850 in June 1991, the first five-cylinder variant in form of the B5254F[15][26][27] hit the market. It was equipped with V-VIS[28] (Volvo Variable Intake System) which was designed to improve engine response between 1500–4100 rpm. V-VIS was only available on the 2,5L 20V naturally aspirated engines and was discontinued after 1994. In 1995[29] with the launch of the Volvo S40 the four-cylinder B4184S and B4204S engines[30] were released.[31] In 1998, with the introduction of the 1999 model year S80,[32] Volvo began to transition to updated versions of their 'N'-series engines, now called 'RN',[33] short for revised 'N'.[34] Drive-by-wire, coil-on-plug systems and variable valve timing (VVT)[35] were introduced along with new engine management systems.[35][36] 10 valve engines were slowly phased out in favour of detuned 20 valve versions.[37]

With the introduction of the second generation Volvo S40 in 2003 another update to the engine family took place. The new engine was called 'RNC',[38] the 'C' standing for 'compact' to emphasise the decrease in overall dimensions. Compared to the previous generation the new engine was 200mm slimmer[nb 2] and 25mm shorter. On turbocharged engines the exhaust manifold and turbine housing were now combined into one part; all engines were equipped with plastic intake manifolds and continuously variable valve timing (CVVT).[39]
The 'RN' engines remained in production alongside the 'RNC' engines and were slowly phased out, beginning with the introduction of the second generation Volvo S80 in 2006. The new SI6 engine family[40] was introduced to replace the 6-cylinder variants of the Volvo Modular Engine at the same time.[41]

Nomenclature

The engine codes consist of a series of letters and digits:

  • 1st: (B/D/GB) B = Bensin (Petrol), D = Diesel, GB[42] = Gas & Bensin[nb 3]
  • 2nd: (4/5/6) # of cylinders
  • 3rd & 4th: Approximate displacement in deciliters, may be rounded up or down. (23 ~= 2.3L)
  • 5th: (2/4) Valves per cylinder
  • 6th: (S/T/F/G/GS/FS/FT/SG) S = standard (naturally aspirated), T = turbocharged, F = fuel injection with catalytic converter, G[43] = leaded fuel compatible, GS[44] = leaded fuel compatible, naturally aspirated, FS = fuel injected standard (naturally aspirated) with catalytic converter, FT = fuel injected, turbocharged with catalytic converter, SG[45] = standard (naturally aspirated) compatible with alternative fuels (LPG / CNG)
  • 7th: (2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11) engine generation or engine variant

Engine codes are not necessarily unique to a specific engine as power levels can vary depending on market, manufacturer and model.

1.6

B4164S

The B4164S[46] is a 1.6 L (1,588 cc) straight-four.[47] Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp)[48] at 5500 rpm with 143 N·m (105 lb·ft) of torque at 4200 rpm.

Applications:

B4164S2

The B4164S2[49] is a 1.6 L (1,587 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) at 5800 rpm with 145 N·m (107 lb·ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

1.8

B4184S

The B4184S[51] is a 1.8 L (1,731 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 80.0 mm (3.1 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 115 hp (86 kW; 117 PS) at 5500 rpm with 165 N·m (122 lb·ft) of torque at 4100 rpm.

Applications:

  • 1995–1999 Volvo S40 badged as S40 1.8 or S40 1.8 16V
  • 1995–1999 Volvo V40 badged as V40 1.8 or V40 1.8 16V

B4184S2

The B4184S2 is a 1.8 L (1,783 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 82.4 mm (3.2 in). It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 122 hp (91 kW; 124 PS) at 5800 rpm with 170 N·m (130 lb·ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

  • 1999–2004 Volvo S40 badged as S40 1.8i or S40 1.8i SE
  • 1999–2004 Volvo V40 badged as V40 1.8i or V40 1.8i SE

B4184S3

The B4184S3 is a 1.8 L (1,783 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 82.4 mm (3.2 in). It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 116 hp (87 kW; 118 PS) at 5500 rpm with 170 N·m (130 lb·ft) of torque at 4000 rpm.

Applications:

1.9

B4194T

The B4194T[52] is a 1.9 L (1,855 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500 rpm with 300 N·m (220 lb·ft) of torque at 2400–3600rpm. The engine uses EMS2000 engine management and is equipped with a TD04L-14T turbocharger.

Specifications:

  • Rod length: 139.5 mm (5.5 in)

Applications:

B4204S

The B4204S/ B4204S2 is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 134 hp (100 kW; 136 PS) at 5800 rpm with 190 N·m (140 lb·ft) of torque at 4000 rpm.

Applications:[53]

B4204T

The B4204T is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of ??.?:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp)[54] at 5100rpm, and produces 230 N·m (170 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. The engine uses EMS2000 engine management and is equipped with a TD04L-12T turbocharger.

Applications:

B4204T2

The B4204T2 is a 1.95 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 5100 rpm[55] with 230 N·m (170 lb·ft)[55] of torque at 1800–4800 rpm.

Applications:[55]

B4204T3

The B4204T3[56] is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 161 hp (120 kW; 163 PS) at 5250 rpm with 240 N·m (180 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–4500 rpm.

Applications:[57]

B4204T4

The B4204T4[58] is a 1.95 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 170 hp (127 kW; 172 PS) at 5500 rpm[58] with 240 N·m (180 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm.[58]

Applications:

B4204T5

The B4204T5 is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four.[61] Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 197 hp (147 kW; 200 PS) at 5500 rpm with 300 N·m (220 lb·ft) of torque at 2500–4000 rpm.

Applications:[62]

2.0

B5202S

The B5202S[63] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It naturally aspirated with a power output of 126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp) at 6250 rpm and produces 170 N·m (125 lb·ft) of torque at 4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:[64][65]

B5202FS

The B5202FS is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in). It is naturally aspirated and was equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

B5204S

The B5204S[66] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in). It is naturally aspirated.

Applications:

B5204FS

The B5204FS is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated

Applications:

B5204FT

The B5204FT is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled.

Applications:

B5204T

The B5204T[67] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp), and produces 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management. It was offered only in Italy[67] and Taiwan[67] due to local tax laws.

Applications:

  • 1994–1997 Volvo 850 badged as 850 T-5 (2.0)

B5204T2

The B5204T2[63] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5700 rpm, and produces 220 N·m (162 lb·ft) of torque at 2100–5400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

B5204T3

The B5204T3[68] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5700 rpm and 310 N·m (229 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. It was equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management until the first half of 1998, it was upgraded to Bosch ME 7 for the remaining years. It was only offered in Italy[67] and Taiwan[67] due to high taxes on cars with more than 2000 cc engine capacity.

Applications:

B5204T4

The B5204T4[68] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1.[71] It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5100 rpm, and produces 230 N·m (170 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm.

Applications:[72]

B5204T5

The B5204T5 is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5300 rpm, and produces 240 N·m (180 lb·ft) of torque at 2000–5300 rpm.

Applications:[75]

B5204T8

The B5204T8 is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5000 rpm, and produces 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–4200 rpm.[78]

Applications:[79]

B5204T9

The B5204T9 is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 213 PS (157 kW; 210 hp)[81] at 6000 rpm, and produces 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–5000 rpm. For the 2014 model year, power output was increased to 233 hp (175 kW).

Applications:[82]

2.3

B5234FS

The B5234FS is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated and was only available on Thai market cars.

Applications:

B5234T

The B5234T[83] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp)[84] at 5200 rpm and 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque between 2000–5200 rpm.[83] It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T2

The B5234T2 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 218 PS (160 kW; 215 hp)[67] at 5100 rpm and 330 N·m (243 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–4500 rpm.[67] It was only available on Thai market cars.

Applications:

B5234T3

The B5234T3[63] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 230 PS (169 kW; 227 hp) at 5100 rpm and 330 N·m (240 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. Model years 1997 and 1998 are equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.
From mid 1998 on, for model year 1999 and up, variable valve timing for the exhaust cam was added.
For model year 2001 and up power output was increased to 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5200 rpm with 330 N·m (240 lb·ft) of torque at 2400–5200 rpm. Model year 1999 and up are equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:[86]

B5234T4

The B5234T4 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 6000 rpm and 350 N·m (260 lb·ft) of torque at 2400–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management. The 850 R models come with a TD04HL-16T turbo, S70 R and V70 R models come with a TD04HL-18T turbo.

Applications:

B5234T5

The B5234T5 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225-250 hp. This version of the B5234 features a TD04-15g turbo. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T6

The B5234T6[94] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 6000 rpm and 310 N·m (230 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–5400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T7

The B5234T7 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 197 hp.

Applications:

  • 1998–2000 Volvo S70 badged as .
  • 1998–2000 Volvo V70 badged as .
  • 2001–2004 Volvo S60 badged as .
  • 2000–2004 Volvo S80 badged as .

B5234T8

The B5234T8 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5700 rpm and 310 N·m (230 lb·ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME 7 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T9

The B5234T9 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5400 rpm and 330 N·m (240 lb·ft) of torque at 2400–5100 rpm.[96] It is equipped with Bosch ME 7 engine management.

Applications:

  • 2003–2005 Volvo C70 badged as C70 T5 (convertible)

2.4

B5244S

The B5244S is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated and was offered in two versions with different power levels:
A detuned version with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 152 lb·ft (206 N·m) of torque at 3600 rpm, and an uprated one with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm,[87] with 170 lb·ft (230 N·m) of torque at 4500 rpm. For model year 2000 the engine was equipped with intake cam VVT.

Applications:

B5244S2

The B5244S2 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5700 rpm with 220 N·m (160 lb·ft) of torque at 3750 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:[100]

B5244S4

The B5244S4 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6000 rpm with 230 N·m (170 lb·ft) of torque at 4400 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:[101]

B5244S5

The B5244S5 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5000 rpm with 220 N·m (160 lb·ft) of torque at 4000 rpm.

Applications:[103]

B5244S6

SULEV+ engine variant for California

B5244S7

SULEV+ engine variant with PremAir for California[107]

B5244SG

The B5244SG is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5800 rpm with 192 N·m (142 lb·ft) of torque at 4500 rpm. This particular engine is a Bi-Fuel variant that is optimized for CNG.[76]

Applications:

  • 2001–2006[76] Volvo S80[97] badged as S80 Bi-Fuel
  • 2002–2008 Volvo S60 badged as S60 Bi-Fuel[108]
  • 2000 Volvo V70 badged as V70 Bi-Fuel
  • 2001–2008 Volvo V70 II badged as V70 Bi-Fuel

B5244SG2

The B5244SG2 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke 90 mm (3.5 in) is with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5100 rpm with 214 N·m (158 lb·ft) of torque at 4500 rpm.[108] This particular engine is a Bi-Fuel variant that is optimized for LPG.

Applications:

  • 2001–2005 Volvo S80[97] badged as S80 Bi-Fuel
  • 2002–2005 Volvo S60 badged as S60 Bi-Fuel[108] (LPG variant)
  • 2000 Volvo V70 badged as V70 Bi-Fuel
  • 2002–2005 Volvo V70 II badged as V70 Bi-Fuel

B5244T

The B5244T[71] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp)[87][109] at 5100 rpm[109] with 270 N·m (200 lb·ft)[110] of torque between 1600–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

B5244T2

The B5244T2 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp) at 5700 rpm with 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) of torque at 2400 rpm. It uses ME7 engine management.

Applications:

B5244T3

The B5244T3 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) with 285 N·m (210 lb·ft) of torque at 1800 rpm. It features exhaust cam VVT.

Applications:

B5244T4

The B5244T4 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N·m (240 lb·ft) of torque at 1500 rpm. It features VVT for both intake and exhaust cam.

Applications:

B5244T5

The B5244T5 is a 2.4 L (2,401 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 256 hp (191 kW; 260 PS) at 5500 rpm with 350 N·m (260 lb·ft) of torque at 2100 rpm. It features VVT for both intake and exhaust cam.

Applications:[111]

B5244T7

The B5244T7 2.4 L (2,401 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5700 rpm[74] with 285 N·m (210 lb·ft) of torque between 1800–5000 rpm. It features VVT for both intake and exhaust cam.

Applications:

2.5

B5252S

The B5252S[63] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N·m (152 lb·ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:[115]

B5252FS

The B5252FS is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated and it is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

GB5252S

The GB5252S[94] is a 2.5 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N·m (152 lb·ft) of torque at 3600 rpm when using petrol; and a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5250 rpm with 180 N·m (130 lb·ft) of torque at 3650 rpm when using natural gas. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management for petrol operation and Necam MEGA for natural gas operation.
This engine was only available with the 4-speed AW50-42LE automatic[117] with three shift modes.

Applications:

  • 1996[118]–1997 Volvo 850[119] badged as 850 Bi-Fuel[120]
  • 1997–1998 Volvo S70 badged as S70 Bi-Fuel
  • 1997[121]–1998 Volvo V70 badged as V70 Bi-Fuel

GB5252S2

The GB5252S2[94] is a 2.5 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N·m (152 lb·ft) of torque at 3600 rpm when using petrol; and a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5250 rpm with 180 N·m (130 lb·ft) of torque at 3650 rpm when using natural gas. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management for petrol operation and Necam MEGA for natural gas operation.
This engine was only available with the 4-speed AW50-42LE automatic with adaptive shift logic.

Applications:

  • 1999 Volvo S70 badged as S70 Bi-Fuel
  • 1999 Volvo V70 badged as V70 Bi-Fuel

B5254S

The B5254S[90] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm with 220 N·m (162 lb·ft) of torque at 4700 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH 3.2 Jetronic engine management.

Applications:

B5254F

The B5254F is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm with 220 N·m (162 lb·ft) of torque at 4700 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH 3.2 Jetronic engine management and features a variable intake system called "Volvo Variable Induction System" or V-VIS for short.

Applications:

B5254FS

The B5254FS, sometimes called B5254FS M4.4, is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of X. It is equipped with Bosch M 4.4 Motronic engine management.

Applications:

B5254T

The B5254T is a 2.5 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp)[126] at 5100 rpm,[95] with 270 N·m (200 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–5000rpm.[95] For model years 1997 and 1998 it is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management. For model year 1999 it is equipped with Bosch ME 7 engine management. Boost pressure is limited to 6 psi (41 kPa).[127]

Applications:

B5254T2

The B5254T2 is a 2.5 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is and stroke is with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N·m (240 lb·ft)[129] of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.

Applications:

[133]

B5254T3

The B5254T3 is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N·m (240 lb·ft) of torque at 1500–4800 rpm. On cars with the AW55-51 automatic transmission, torque is limited in first and second gear.[134] It has VVT and uses the Bosch ME 9.0[135] engine management system.[136] Unlike previous designs, the turbocharger is integral with the exhaust manifold.

Adaptations of this engine were used by Ford, with power levels ranging from 220PS (217 bhp)[137] to 350PS (345 bhp).[138] At Ford the engine was called "Duratec-ST",[139] "Duratec ST"[140] or "Duratec RS".[141]

Applications:[142]

B5254T4

The B5254T4[150] is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled and equipped with dual VVT. It produces 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 5500 rpm with 400 N·m (295 lb·ft) of torque at 2000–5250 rpm with the 6-speed manual transmission[nb 11];[114] 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6000 rpm with 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) of torque at 1850–6000 rpm[151] with the 5-speed automatic transmission[nb 12]. Cars with the 6–speed automatic transmission[nb 13] were not torque limited.

Applications:

[153]

B5254T5

The B5254T5 is a 2.5L (2,522 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5500rpm, and produces 360 N·m (266 lb·ft) of torque between 1800-4020rpm.

Applications:

B5254T6

The B5254T6 is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 4800 rpm, and produces 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.

Applications:

B5254T7

The B5254T7 is 2.5L cc straight-five, a slight adaptation of the B5254T3. Bore is and stroke is with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of Using the M66W (FWD) or M66C (AWD) manual transmission output is 227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) at 5000 rpm and 320 N·m (240 lb·ft) of torque at 1500-5000 rpm. With the AW55-51 automatic transmission, torque is limited in first and second gear. The turbocharger is still integrated into the exhaust manifold, but is of a different design.

Applications:[158]

B5254T8

The B5254T8 is a 2.5 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 932 mm (36.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 4800 rpm and 300 N·m (221 lb·ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.[nb 14]

Applications:

B5254T10

The B5254T10 is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 932 mm (36.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 4800 rpm and 340 N·m (251 lb·ft) of torque at 1700–4800 rpm.

Applications:[162]

B5254T11

The B5254T11 is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 4800 rpm and 340 N·m (251 lb·ft) of torque at 1700–4800 rpm.

Applications:[164]

B5254T12

The B5254T12 is a 2.5 L (2,497 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.6 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 254 PS (187 kW; 251 hp) at 5400 rpm and 360 N·m (266 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. The TF-80SD is the only transmission available with this engine.

Applications:

B5254T14

The B5254T14 is a 2.5 L (2,497 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.6 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 249 PS (183 kW; 246 hp) at 5400 rpm and 360 N·m (266 lb·ft) of torque at 1800-4200 rpm.

Applications:

B6254FS

The B6254FS is a 2.5L (2,473 cc) straight-six. It is naturally aspirated. A new, small 2.5-litre engine, known as the B6254 FS, was introduced for the 1995 Volvo 960. It developed 170 bhp (130 kW) at 5700 rpm and maximum torque of 230 N·m (170 lb·ft) at 4400 rpm. This engine was identical in every way to the larger B6304S, apart from the stroke being reduced to 80 mm (3.1 in) and the bore to 81 mm (3.2 in), producing a displacement of 2,473 cc. Like other Volvo engines, it was optimised for low-end and middle range torque.[171] The 180 hp (130 kW) version of this engine was called B6244 FS.

Applications:

B6254G

Non-catalyst, leaded-fuel compatible version of the B6254S, for regions with limited availability of unleaded fuel.

2.8

B6284T

The B6284T is a 2.8 L (2,783 cc)[173] straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is twin-turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 5400 rpm, with 380 N·m (280 lb·ft) of torque at 2000–5000 rpm.[173]

Applications:

2.9

B6294S

The B6294S is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 196 PS (144 kW; 193 hp) at 5200 rpm[76] with 280 N·m (210 lb·ft) of torque at 4200 rpm.

Applications:

B6294S2

The B6294S is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 196 PS (144 kW; 193 hp) at 5200 rpm with 280 N·m (210 lb·ft) of torque at 3900 rpm.

Applications:

B6294T

The B6294T is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is twin-turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 5200 rpm with 380 N·m (280 lb·ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm. It features dual VVT.

Applications:[177]

B6304S

The B6304S is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 5200 rpm with 267 N·m (197 lb·ft) of torque at 4100 rpm.

Fix problem with two different versions having same engine code but different design(s). pre '99 is mechanical throttle, '99 is with fly by wire. Different power outputs.

Applications:

B6304S2

The B6304S2 is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six.

Applications:

  • Volvo 960 later model years / various

B6304S3

The B6304S3 is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. It has the same bore and stroke (83x90 mm) as the B6294, but the deciliter number was rounded up (i.e. 2,922 cc to 3,000 cc). These engines produced 204 hp (152 kW; 207 PS) at 6000 rpm, and 197 lb·ft (267 N·m) of torque at 4300 rpm. Engine output was reduced to 180 hp (134 kW; 182 PS) and 199 lb·ft (270 N·m) by changing the cam profile (back then without variable valve timing) in favour of emissions regulations.

Applications:

B6304G

The B6304G is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 6000 rpm, and 267 N·m (197 lb·ft) of torque at 4300 rpm.[181] It is adapted to run on leaded gasoline as well as lead free gasoline.

Applications:

  • 1997–1998 Volvo S90 badged as S90 3.0 24_V
  • 1997–1998 Volvo V90 badged as V90 3.0 24_V

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Multi-Point Electronic Gas Injection
  2. ↑ Total width including manifolds
  3. ↑ First generation Bi-Fuel models with NECAM & Fenix 5.2 engine management
  4. ↑ Models with automatic transmission
  5. ↑ Models with automatic transmission
  6. ↑ Models with manual transmission
  7. ↑ Models with manual transmission
  8. ↑ Models with manual transmission
  9. ↑ Models with automatic transmission
  10. ↑ Models with automatic transmission
  11. ↑ Volvo M66C AWD transmission
  12. ↑ Aisin AW55-51 transmission
  13. ↑ Aisin TF 80-SC AWD transmission
  14. ↑ Available only on the Thai market

References

  1. ↑ http://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov/mid/home/displayfile/29630
  2. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/fuel_injection/LH3.2-IgnitionSystem.pdf
  3. ↑ http://users.net1.cc/pafkata/personal/Scanned/docs%20-%20ebooks/HAYNES%20-%20Data%20Book/VOLVO/VV4F6244.PDF
  4. ↑ http://www.oocities.org/thevolvoaddict/article_4.htm
  5. ↑ http://www.wothrline.com/editerbara_sidor/bosch_mme7_me9.htm
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2000/2000_VIN-VIC/vin2000.html
  7. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/V70TechData1997.pdf
  8. ↑ http://www.matthewsvolvosite.com/downloads/2000_S40_V40.pdf
  9. ↑ ftp://nhtsa.gov/MfrMail/01-022-N11B-9504.pdf
  10. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/presskits/850BiFuelPressKit.pdf
  11. ↑ https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/3028/1/GRIrap2002_7.doc.pdf
  12. ↑ http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/volvos-super-6-hot-new-powerplant-ford-jaguar-models-too-0
  13. ↑ http://wardsauto.com/news-analysis/volvo-unveils-new-inline-engine-s80
  14. ↑ http://www.automobil-industrie.vogel.de/volvo-startet-produktion-eigener-vea-motoren-a-404697/
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 http://www.volvoclub.ru/UPLOAD/File/850dviglo.pdf
  16. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/34913/volvo-480es-first-front-wheel-drive-volvo-turns-25-years
  17. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/38077
  18. ↑ http://www.focus.de/auto/gebrauchtwagen/youngtimer/tid-22962/20-jahre-volvo-850-schwere-geburt-spaeter-erfolg-heute-gesucht_aid_645344.html
  19. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayQIslaTXkM
  20. ↑ http://www.vibilagare.se/reportage/volvo-850-siktade-mot-stjarnorna
  21. ↑ http://autoworld.com.my/news/2002/08/06/D5-Volvo-s-Own-Diesel-Engine/
  22. ↑ http://www.curbsideclassic.com/uncategorized/curbside-classic-1993-volvo-850-glt-divergent-evolution/
  23. ↑ http://caunter.ca/volvo960/cv14797.pdf
  24. ↑ http://farm1.static.flickr.com/116/299059214_8738ddc77c_o.jpg
  25. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/de/de-de/media/pressreleases/19142
  26. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/presskits/1993MY-PressKit.pdf
  27. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/uk/en-gb/media/pressreleases/49836/volvo-850-1991-19961
  28. ↑ http://www.paerl.it/volvo/vvismanualeng.pdf
  29. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/s40/1995
  30. ↑ http://www3.volvo.com/investors/finrep/annual95/figures/1995/annual/volvoarsredovisning/cars/cars.htm
  31. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/presskits/1996MY-PressKit.pdf
  32. ↑ http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/1999/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=22114&News.Language=en-gb
  33. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/s80/tech/s80tech1.shtml
  34. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/volvo2003uk/s40/S40_Fulldoc.pdf
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2000/2000_releases/2000_release_4.html
  36. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2001/2001_releases/2001_release_c.html
  37. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/uk/en-gb/media/pressreleases/16388
  38. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/fr/fr-fr/media/pressreleases/4895
  39. ↑ http://www.autosieger.de/Variable-Ventilsteuerung-CVVT-von-Volvo-optimiert-article3896.html
  40. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/3550
  41. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/3525
  42. ↑ http://www.volvopartswebstore.com/products/Fuel-distributor/1108641/30677700.html
  43. ↑ http://www.volvotips.com/index.php/940-960/history-940-960/
  44. ↑ http://www.volvopartswebstore.com/showAssembly.aspx?ukey_assembly=235063
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/f1ab3cd0ec724029e9dcf53740f7fdbf561eb0c5/V70_owners_manual_MY04_DE_tp6728.pdf
  46. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/data/40SeriesDataSheet-2a.pdf
  47. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/B4164S-40SeriesEngine.pdf
  48. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/19971017190844/http://www.car.volvo.se/vpc/press/releaser/970814e4.html
  49. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/data/40SeriesDataSheet-2b.pdf
  50. ↑ parts number 9157135 or 9157138
  51. ↑ http://www.volvotips.com/brochures/850/Volvo-model-range-1996-UK-presskit.pdf
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 http://web.archive.org/web/19971017190853/http://www.car.volvo.se/vpc/press/releaser/970814e2.html
  53. ↑ Cars with the B4204S engine - Carfolio.com
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 http://web.archive.org/web/19971017190709/http://www.car.volvo.se/vpc/press/releaser/971015e1.html
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2000/2000_SV40/00sv40_09.htm#pg121
  56. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2001/2001_SV40/01sv40_09.htm#pg123
  57. ↑ Cars with the B4204T3 engine - Carfolio.com
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2004/2004_S40-V40/04sv40_09.htm#pg123
  59. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2003/2003_SV40/03sv40_09.htm#pg123
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2004/2004_s40-v40/04sv40_09.htm#pg123
  61. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/volvo2003uk/s40/S40_Tech_Spec.pdf
  62. ↑ Cars with the B4204T5 engine - Carfolio.com
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 63.5 63.6 63.7 63.8 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/S70Specifications1997.pdf
  64. ↑ Cars with the B5202S engine - Carfolio.com
  65. ↑ Volvo TP 0302207
  66. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/data/850SeriesDataSheet92-94-Sec2.pdf
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 67.4 67.5 67.6 67.7 67.8 67.9 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/TurboEngines70Series.pdf
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/C70-ConvertibleBrochure1999.pdf
  69. ↑ 1998 Volvo S80 T5 technical specifications - Carfolio.com
  70. ↑ http://www.volvohowto.com/volvo-s80-versions-engines-year-1998-2006-2/
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 http://www.motor-talk.de/forum/aktion/Attachment.html?attachmentId=744432
  72. ↑ Cars with the B5204T4 engine - Carfolio.com
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 73.4 73.5 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/C70_August_2002.pdf
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/current/VolvoC70MY05PricesTechSpecs.pdf
  75. ↑ Cars with the B5204T5 engine - Carfolio.com
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.5 76.6 76.7 http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/cc2aa405feceeda3725fa72c54afa57821895aaf/S80_owners_manual_MY06_DE_tp7811.pdf
  77. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/S80_August_2002.pdf
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/3d90ce6f72a14bb3bca3648da25ad0b153d75795/S60_owners_manual_MY13_de-DE_TP_15223.pdf
  79. ↑ Cars with the B5204T8 engine - Carfolio.com
  80. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/v40/2014/specifications
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/dd9f4592e0793b7fdddbded92780f57ca110f788/V60_owners_manual_MY13_de-DE_TP_15244.pdf
  82. ↑ Cars with the B5204T9 engine - Carfolio.com
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/850T5PressRelease1993.pdf
  84. ↑ http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/carmag-wp/carmag/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/28073623/Volvo-850-T5-Sportwagon-1.jpg
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 http://www.volvotips.com/brochures/850/Volvo-850-modelyear-1996-NL-Dutch-brochure.pdf
  86. ↑ Cars with the B5234T3 engine - Carfolio.com
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 87.5 87.6 87.7 87.8 87.9 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2000/2000_SV70/00sv70_09.htm#pg135
  88. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/C70Specifications1997.pdf
  89. ↑ http://www.r-modelle.info/850%20R.html
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1997/1997_VIN-VIC/vin1997.html
  91. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_VIN-VIC/vin1995.html
  92. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1996/1996_VIN-VIC/vin1996.html
  93. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1997/1997_VIN-VIC/vin1997.html
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1999/1999_VIN-VIC/vin1999.html
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1999/1999_SV70/99sv70_133.htm#pg135
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2004/2004_C70/04c70c_09.htm#pg127
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/S80_Jan_2003.pdf
  98. ↑ http://www.autoevolution.com/cars/renault-safrane-1996.html
  99. ↑ http://www.autoweek.nl/autoreview/20271/renault-safrane-rxe-25
  100. ↑ Cars with the B5244S2 engine - Carfolio.com
  101. ↑ Cars with the B5244S4 engine - Carfolio.com
  102. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/2d2bb6f4b4b2474c4c182b19e60ad80a8f5743b1/C30_owners_manual_MY07_DE_tp8790.pdf
  103. ↑ Cars with the B5244S5 engine - Carfolio.com
  104. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/91cb9e8154af1e56c0809d2ab0c836036b593423/C70_owners_manual_MY06_DE_tp8339.pdf
  105. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/534784bf53d88a13c30fdc5192ca07953c760730/C70_owners_manual_MY10_DE_tp10879.pdf
  106. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/eb7c9c72c87900dca6af7769e29f98c18903b008/C70_owners_manual_MY07_DE_tp8994.pdf
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/NewCarFeatures2006-Technical.pdf
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/12393bca5bcab29dc10098ec8da6e65f03a63c21/S60_owners_manual_MY05_DE_tp7507.pdf
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2000/2000_C70/00c70_09.htm#pg123
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2002/2002_C70/02c70c_09.htm#pg131
  111. ↑ Cars with the B5244T5 engine - Carfolio.com
  112. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/presskits/S60_MY2005.pdf
  113. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2005/2005_V70/05v70_09.htm#pg163
  114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 http://esd.volvocars.com/site/owners-information/MY06/V70/V70_owners_manual_MY06_DE_tp8172.pdf
  115. ↑ Cars with the B5252 engine - Carfolio.com
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1996/1996_850/96850_901.htm#pg9.3
  117. ↑ http://www.motor-talk.de/bilder/hallole-erst-einmal-g31221570/volvo-850-bi-fuel-8-i203677816.html
  118. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=X0wnNJ6gTa8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false
  119. ↑ http://www.garaget.org/?car=266313
  120. ↑ http://www.garaget.org/?car=266313&image=3222299
  121. ↑ https://www.coloribus.com/adsarchive/prints/volvo-v70-bi-fuel-1053205/
  122. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1997/1997_850/97850_901.htm#9:3
  123. ↑ part number 9133198
  124. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_VIN-VIC/vin1993.html
  125. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1994/1994_VIN-VIC/vin1994.html
  126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1998/1998_SV70/98sv70_133.htm#pg135
  127. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  128. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1998/1998_C70/98c70_36.htm#pg125
  129. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/current/V70_Fullprod_spec_July2003.pdf
  130. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2004/2004_s60/04s60_12.htm#pg155
  131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/current/2004_V70_Brochure.pdf
  132. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2005/2005_XC90/05xc90_10.htm#pg172
  133. ↑ Cars with the B5254T2 engine - Carfolio.com
  134. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/S40MY2005-Engines.pdf
  135. ↑ 135.0 135.1 http://www.celtictuning.co.uk/pages/publications/Ford_Focus_ST%202.5%20Turbo%20221bhp.pdf
  136. ↑ http://theeshadow.com/files/S40MY2005/S40MY2005-Engines.pdf
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/ford/mondeo/first-drives/ford-mondeo-2.5t
  138. ↑ 138.0 138.1 http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/ford/focus/17823/ford-focus-rs500
  139. ↑ http://workshop-manuals.com/ford/focus_2004.75_07.2004/mechanical_repairs/3_powertrain/303_engine/303-01d_engine_2.5l_duratec-st_(vi5)/specifications/
  140. ↑ http://www.autoeder.de/media/image/neuwagen/focus_2008.pdf
  141. ↑ http://www.originalanleitungen.de/pdfs/Ford091_Inhalt.pdf
  142. ↑ Cars with the B5254T3 engine - Carfolio.com
  143. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2005/2005_V50/05v50_12a.htm#pg190
  144. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2006/2006_C70/06c70_11.htm#pg192
  145. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2007/2007_C70/07c70_11.htm#pg241
  146. ↑ http://www.autobild.de/artikel/fahrbericht-ford-focus-st-53210.html
  147. ↑ http://www.focus.de/auto/fahrberichte/tid-6044/fahrbericht-ford-focus-st_aid_59042.html
  148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 http://www.autoeder.de/media/image/Preisliste%20Focus%20RS.pdf
  149. ↑ http://www.autobild.de/marken-modelle/ford/focus-rs/mk-2/
  150. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/2004r/R5-Engines.pdf
  151. ↑ 151.0 151.1 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2007/2007_v70/07v70_10.htm#pg223
  152. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/e1b0d9e504448108a7979ee20d41582087600c32/V70_owners_manual_MY07_DE_tp9039.pdf
  153. ↑ Cars with the B5254T4 engine - Carfolio.com
  154. ↑ http://esd.volvocars.com/local/us/2012-Volvo-S60-Owners-Manual.pdf
  155. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/62d225b5b06189ad40147a4237a0db74cda0bdb0/S80_owners_manual_MY07_DE_tp8854.pdf
  156. ↑ http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/ford-mondeo-turnier-2-5-t--titanium--im-test-ausnahmsweise,10810590,10492134.html
  157. ↑ http://www.evo.co.uk/ford/s-max
  158. ↑ Cars with the B5254T7 engine - Carfolio.com
  159. ↑ http://volvornt.harte-hanks.com/manuals/2009/2009_S40/S40_OM_US_MY09-web.pdf
  160. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/webmanuals/c30/C30_owners_manual_EN_MY09_tp10119.pdf
  161. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/e00e3a3ee6c4e65bfb4ee906264114e1952e1cfd/S80_owners_manual_MY10_DE_tp10950.pdf
  162. ↑ Cars with the B5254T10 engine - Carfolio.com
  163. ↑ http://esd.volvocars.com/site/owners-information/MY12/V70/OM_1146/V70_XC70_owners_manual_MY12_DE_tp14097.pdf
  164. ↑ Cars with the B5254T11 engine - Carfolio.com
  165. ↑ Cars with the B5254T12 engine - Carfolio.com
  166. ↑ http://esd.volvocars.com/local/us/2013-Volvo-S60-Owners-Manual.pdf
  167. ↑ https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/xc70/2016/specifications
  168. ↑ http://accessories.volvocars.com/de-de/V40%20Cross%20Country/Accessories/PrintDocument/VCC-479881/2015
  169. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/0b7570e4ff110df54ae088b2e9f6a9abab8bcac3/V40_owners_manual_MY14_de_DE_TP_16781.pdf
  170. ↑ http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/2d998e36e3c397672c395b1744574467ecd335c9/S60_owners_manual_MY14_de-DE_TP_16650.pdf
  171. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  172. ↑ http://accessories.volvocars.com/LegacyCatalog/Pdf/X90_total_FR_GB_NL_DE.pdf
  173. ↑ 173.0 173.1 173.2 https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/S80TechData1999.pdf
  174. ↑ 174.0 174.1 174.2 http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1999/1999_S80/99s80_09.htm#pg120
  175. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2002/2002_S80/02s80_09.htm#pg126
  176. ↑ https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/current/S80_Fullprod_spec_April2003.pdf
  177. ↑ Cars with the B6294T engine - Carfolio.com
  178. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2003/2003_S80/03s80_09.htm#pg130
  179. ↑ http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1996/1996_960/96960_901.htm#pg9:3
  180. ↑ http://teknikensvarld.se/svenska-sportbilen-jc-indigo-3000-ateruppstar-169350/
  181. ↑ http://www.volvo-club.cz/engine_detail.php?id=2
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