Vrbanja (river)

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Vrbanja
Врбањa
File:Vrbanja z.JPG
The Vrbanja in Čelinac in wintertime
Origin Vlašić
Mouth Vrbas
Врбаc
Basin countries Bosnia and Herzegovina
Length 85 km
Basin area Black Sea

The Vrbanja is a river in western Bosnia and Herzegovina; with Ugar, the largest right tributary of the Vrbas. Its basin covers an area of approximately 703.5 km2. It has a significant hydropower potentials.[1][2] There are many different estimations of the Vrbanja's length, from 84 km[3] to 95.4 km.[4]

Name

Like as many sites in Bosnia, and Vrbanja is named after the willows that grow along the river from Kruševo Brdo to Banja Luka. In the same way are called many localities in Bosnia: Vrbanjci village and Vrbanja, near Banja Luka, as well as Vrbas and a bridge in the center of Sarajevo (which is known after crimes that occurred during the defense of besieged City, 1992-1995).

Geography

The Vrbanja source is on the slopes of Vlašić Mountain, upstream of Pilipovina village (at around of 1,530 meters above sea level). The area around the source is called "Prelivode" many confluences of the Ugar, Ilomska and Bila rivers, with a radius of around 2-3 kilometers. Prelivode is on a ridge between Mountains Vlašić (1933 m) and Meokrnje (1425 m). On this location are riverhead many confluences of Vrbanja, Ugar and Lašva basins (i.e. Vrbas, at southwest) and Usora (i.e. Bosna on northeast).

The Vrbanja flows through Kruševo Brdo, Šiprage, Obodnik, Vrbanjci, Kotor Varoš, Zabrđe, Čelinac and the settlement of Vrbanja. It joins the Vrbas river in Banja Luka. The mouth is 1356 m lower than its streams (Vrbanjska vrela: en. Vrbanja's streams).[5]

During the Austro-Hungarian administration of 1878-1914, a wide network of railway communications was built along the Vrbanja, with the support of the Bosnian Government. Exploitation of the natural resources (especially wood and mining) was the primary intended purpose of this investment. The railroad was built along the valley of the Vrbanja from Kotor Varoš to Šiprage, where it branched along a few tributaries of the river. It leads to the area of the Riječice, across the pass between Jasen and Šepirice, by the special spindle at same-named locality (Bosnian: Čekrk).[6]

The present part of the railway between Banja Luka and Doboj (to Čelinac) and the road M-4 between Banja Luka and Matuzići - Doboj, with exit on road M-17 (in future, Corridor Vc), run through the valley. In Obodnik there is an exit to Šiprage, and then to many villages in the area of the upper watershed.

Tributaries

The Vrbanja river confluence occupies an area of approximately 703.5 km², and has important hydropotentiality for the region.

The river is fed by numerous tributaries from Vlašić, Čemernica, Borja and Uzlomac mountains. The most significant right-side tributaries are the Bobovica, Crkvenica, Kruševica, Jezerka, Bosanka, and Jošavka, and the most significant left-side tributaries, the Čudnić, Ćorkovac, Demićka, Sadika, Grabovička rijeka, Duboka river, Vigošća/Vigošta, Cvrcka and Jakotina.[7][8]

Vrbanja valley in War in Bosnia

During the War in Bosnia (1992 – 1995), Serbian Police and Army forces destroyed many of the surrounding Bosniak and Croat villages along the Vrbanja valley, from Kruševo Brdo downstream to Banja Luka.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The local civilian population was killed or displaced and their homes and properties were destroyed.[11][12][13][14][15][27][28][29][30][31][32]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Spahić M. et al. (2000): Bosna i Hercegovina (1:250.000). Izdavačko preduzeće „Sejtarija“, Sarajevo.
  2. ↑ Mučibabić B., Ed. (1998): Geografski atlas Bosne i Hercegovine. Geodetski zavod BiH, Sarajevo, ISBN 9958-766-00-0.
  3. ↑ Bihalji-Merin O. et al., Eds. (1968): Mala enciklopedija Prosveta - Opšta enciklopedija, drugo izdanje (A-LJ), Prosveta, Beograd.
  4. ↑ Statistički godišnjak Republike Srpske, 2013: Genografski i meteorološki podaci(in Bosnian) (PDF). Republički zavod za statistiku RS, Pristupljeno 18. 1. 2013.bs:
  5. ↑ http://www.panoramio.com/photo/13030799.
  6. ↑ Vojnogeografski institut, Ed. (1955): Travnik (List karte 1:100.000, Izohipse na 20 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd.
  7. ↑ Vojnogeografski institut, Ed. (1955): Prnjavor (List karte 1:100.000, Izohipse na 20 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd.
  8. ↑ Vojnogeografski institut, Ed. (1955): Banja Luka (List karte 1:100.000, Izohipse na 20 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd.
  9. ↑ Gutman R. (1993): A witness to genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize-Winning Dispatches on the "Ethnic Cleansing" of Bosnia. Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc., New York, ISBN 9780020329954.
  10. ↑ Beč J. (1997): Pucanje duše. Samizdat B92, Beograd, ISBN 86-7208-010-6.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 http://www.icty.org/x/cases/brdanin/trans/en/030527IT.htm.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 http://www.lijepanasadomovinahrvatska.com/dokumenti-mainmenu-70/79-iskazi/2065-kotor-varos-bogr001
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 http://www.lijepanasadomovinahrvatska.com/dokumenti-mainmenu-70/79-iskazi/535-kotor-varo-kv018
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/searchq=cache:qRtLpLDyJnIJ:www.geetha.mil.gr/media/EIRINEYTIKES_DRASTIRIOTITES/english/12_Bosnia_Herzegovina_IFOR_SFOR.doc+&cd=4&hl=bs&ct=clnk&gl=ba&client=firefox-a
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://www.nato.int/sfor/organisation/mission.htm
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 [1]
  17. ↑ Fena, Agencija (2013): Obilježavanje 21. godišnjice stradanja Bošnjaka u Kotor-Varoši – Još se traži 277 osoba. Avaz, 03. 11. 2013.
  18. ↑ http://www.sense-agency.com/tribunal_%28mksj%29/mladiceva-optuznica-ostala-netaknuta.25.html?news_id=15838
  19. ↑ http://www.senseagency.com/tribunal_%28mksj%29/odiseja-i-stradanja-muslimana-iz-sela-hrvacani.25.html?cat_id=1&news_id=14020
  20. ↑ http://www.senseagency.com/naslovna.24.html?searchText=zlo%C4%8Din+u+grabovici&search=Pretra%C5%Bei
  21. ↑ [2]
  22. ↑ http://sim.law.uu.nl/sim/caselaw/tribunalen.nsf/916e42fab31a4183c125720a007df8fe/2de339a9a7611841c12571fe004be20a?OpenDocument
  23. ↑ http://www.ictytranscripts.org/trials/brdanin/030527IT.htm
  24. ↑ [3]
  25. ↑ http://vesti.krstarica.com/hronika/svedok-protiv-mladica-pogubljeno-oko-150-muslimana-u-grabovici/
  26. ↑ http://www.search-document.com/
  27. ↑ http://www.euforbih.org/
  28. ↑ http://www.nato.int/SFOR/
  29. ↑ http://www.military.ie/overseas/current-missions/eufor-sfor/
  30. ↑ [4]
  31. ↑ http://www.dodccrp.org/html4/research_bosnia.html
  32. ↑ [5]

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