Wairau (New Zealand electorate)

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Wairau was a parliamentary electorate in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand. It was one of the initial 24 New Zealand electorates and existed from 1853 until its abolition in 1938, when it was succeeded by the Marlborough electorate. The electorate had 13 representatives during its existence. The 1861 election in the Wairau electorate was notable in that a later Premier, Frederick Weld, was unexpectedly and narrowly defeated by William Henry Eyes.

Population centres

The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, passed by the British government, allowed New Zealand to establish a representative government. The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853. Wairau was one of the initial single-member electorates.[1]

The initial area covered the Marlborough Sounds in the north to the Hurunui River in the south. Settlements within that area were Picton, Blenheim, and Kaikoura.[2]

The Constitution Act also allowed the House of Representatives to establish new electorates, and this was first done in 1858, when four new electorates were formed by splitting existing electorates. The Cheviot electorate was formed by taking area from the Wairau and Christchurch Country electorates.[3]

The Wairau electorate's boundaries were constantly adjusted over the years, but the electorate always covered a large, rural area around the Awatere River, with a long coastal boundary outh of Cape Campbell, at times as far south as Kaikoura. Blenheim was always included in the electorate, but Picton not always.[4] The 1918 electoral redistribution, which applied from the 1919 election, changed the shape of the electorate significantly, with it moving away from the Pacific Ocean coast to make way for the Hurunui electorate moving north. Wairau gained large areas of land south of Richmond. It also covered the Marlborough Sounds, and Blenheim was the southernmost point along the coast.[5] The 1922 electoral redistribution reversed this and Wairau moved back to its traditional area.[6] Wairau was abolished through the 1937 electoral redistribution, which came into effect with the 1938 election, and replaced by the Marlborough electorate, which had more or less the same shape as Wairau had had since the 1927 electoral redistribution.[7]

History

Wairau was one of the original electorates for the first general election in 1853. Frederick Weld was declared elected unopposed at the nomination meeting on 2 August 1853.[8] Weld resigned in June 1855 to return to England, but as the next election was to be held within a few months, this did not cause a by-election.[9][10] The nomination for the 1855 election was set for 19 November, and this is the date recorded in the standard reference book, the New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984, for the election of William Wells,[11] but that election did not happen. The mail did not reach the Wairau Valley in time, and the electors did not know about the election.[12] The new date for the nomination meeting was set as 6 December.[13] Wells was one of many members of the House of Representatives who resigned in early 1858; he placed a public notice to that effect in 20 March edition of The Nelson Examiner.[14] At the opening of the second session of the 2nd Parliament on 10 April 1858,[15] the speaker read out 14 resignations, including that of Wells.[16] Weld had returned from England by then and agreed to be a candidate at the by-election, and Alfred Saunders received an acquisition and also agreed to stand.[17][18][19] On nomination day, only Weld's name was put forward, who was thus declared elected unopposed.[20]

The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 gave Parliament the power to establish new electorates, and this was first used later in 1858 when four new electorates were created. This also affected the Wairau electorate, which was combined with the Christchurch Country electorate and then redivided, and the Cheviot electorate was established through this process.[21] The 1859 supplementary election returned Edward Jollie for the Cheviot electorate.[22]

In the 1861 election, Weld was challenged by William Henry Eyes, with Eyes winning by a four-vote margin (65 votes to 61).[23] Weld stood two weeks later in the Cheviot electorate, where he decisively beat Charles Hunter Brown.[24] At the 1866 election, Eyes was returned unopposed; the previous year, he had been chosen Superintendent of Marlborough Province.[25] In 1871, Eyes was challenged by Henry Redwood but remained the preferred representative by the voters.[26][27] In December 1871, Eyes was appointed Crown Lands Commissioner for the Marlborough Province and as a public servant, he could no longer hold a seat in parliament and had to resign.[28] The resulting 1872 by-election was contested by Arthur Seymour and Joseph Ward, with Seymour the successful candidate.[29] Seymour remained a member of the General Assembly until his resignation in 1875 prior to a trip to England. The resulting 1875 by-election was won by Ward, who defeated William Sefton Moorhouse.[30] Seymour returned from England just prior to the 1876 election. George Henderson, a former Mayor of Blenheim,[31][32] became a candidate in the Wairau electorate whilst Ward announced that he would stand in the Cheviot electorate instead.[33][34] Seymour won the election in the Wairau electorate with 201 votes to 179 for Henderson.[35] Ward was beaten in the Cheviot electorate by Leonard Harper.[36] Henderson and Seymour both contested the 1879 election, with Seymour again confirmed by the voters.[37]

In the 1881 election, Seymour was beaten by Henry Dodson, a former member of the Marlborough Provincial Council and a former Mayor of Blenheim.[38][39] In 1884, Dodson defeated Joseph Ward.[40] The 1887 election saw a three-way contest, with Dodson challenged by George Henderson and Sutherland John Macalister.[41] Dodson won the election; this was Henderson's third attempt to become the Wairau electorate's representative.[42] Dodson retired in 1890,[43] and three candidates put their name forward: Lindsay Buick, Arthur Seymour, and Sutherland John Macalister. Buick, a journalist and historian, won the election.[44] The Liberal Party was founded after the 1890 election and when it came to the 1893, Buick as incumbent and the barrister William Sinclair both stood for the Liberal Party, whilst the sheep farmer John Duncan ran as an independent.[45][46] Buick won the election with an increased majority.[47]

In the 1896 electoral redistribution, the neighbouring Waimea-Sounds electorate was abolished, and its area distributed to the Motueka, City of Nelson, and Wairau electorates. The incumbent of the Waimea-Sounds electorate, Charles H. Mills, lived in Havelock, and whilst the town was just within the City of Nelson electorate, most of Mills' traditional constituency was located within the Wairau electorate, and he thus challenged Wairau's incumbent, Buick, in the 1896 election.[48] Buick and Mills received 2014 and 2072 votes, respectively, and Mills thus succeeded Buick in Wairau.[49] The 1896 election was "one of the hardest fought contests" in the Wairau electorate up to that point.[50] In the 1899 election, Mills was challenged by Walter Clifford, but Mills remained the preferred candidate by a greatly increased margin.[51]

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent     Liberal     Reform     United     Labour  

Election Winner
1853 election Frederick Weld
1855 election William Wells
1858 by-election Frederick Weld
1861 election William Henry Eyes
1866 election
1871 election
1872 by-election Arthur Seymour
1875 by-election Joseph Ward[52]
1876 election Arthur Seymour
1879 election
1881 election Henry Dodson[53]
1884 election
1887 election
1890 election Lindsay Buick
1893 election
1896 election Charles H. Mills
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election John Duncan
1911 election Richard McCallum
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election William Girling
1925 election
1928 election Edward Healy
1931 election
1935 election Edwin Meachen
(Electorate abolished in 1938, see Marlborough)

Election results

1931 election

General election, 1931: Wairau[54]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United/Reform Edward Healy 4,467 47.38 -4.20
Independent William Girling 3,043 32.28 -16.14
Labour Edwin Meachen 1,918 20.34
Majority 1,424 15.10 +11.94
Informal votes 30 0.32 -0.44
Turnout 9,458 89.39 -1.21
Registered electors 10,581

1899 election

General election, 1899: Wairau[51][55]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Charles H. Mills 2,786 66.35 +15.64
Opposition Walter Clifford 1,413 33.65
Majority 1,373 32.70 +31.28
Turnout 4,199 76.65 -22.07
Registered electors 5,478

1896 election

General election, 1896: Wairau[49]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Charles H. Mills 2,072 50.71
Independent Lindsay Buick 2,014 49.29 +3.88
Majority 58 1.42 -8.56
Turnout 4,086 98.72 +20.78
Registered electors 4,139

1893 election

General election, 1893: Wairau[45][47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Lindsay Buick 1,465 45.41 +5.52
Liberal William Sinclair 1,143 35.43
Independent John Duncan 618 19.16
Majority 322 9.98 +5.67
Turnout 3,226 77.94 +11.04
Registered electors 4,139

1890 election

General election, 1890: Wairau[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Lindsay Buick 712 39.89
Independent Arthur Seymour 635 35.57
Independent Sutherland John Macalister 438 24.54 -1.58
Majority 77 4.31 -0.61
Turnout 1,785 66.90 -8.63
Registered electors 2,668

1887 election

General election, 1887: Wairau[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Henry Dodson 528 39.40 -22.00
Independent George Henderson 462 34.48
Independent Sutherland John Macalister[41] 350 26.12
Majority 66 4.93 -17.89
Turnout 1,340 75.54 +3.48
Registered electors 1,774

1884 election

General election, 1884: Wairau[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Henry Dodson 638 61.41 +2.33
Independent Joseph Ward 401 38.59
Majority 237 22.81 +4.66
Turnout 1,039 72.05 -11.22
Registered electors 1,442

1881 election

General election, 1881: Wairau[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Henry Dodson 550 59.08
Independent Arthur Seymour 381 40.92 -11.77
Majority 169 18.15 +12.77
Turnout 931 83.27 +7.12
Registered electors 1,118

1879 election

General election, 1879: Wairau[37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Arthur Seymour 313 52.69 -0.20
Independent George Henderson 281 47.31 +0.20
Majority 32 5.39 -0.40
Turnout 594 76.15 +1.50
Registered electors 780

1876 election

General election, 1876: Wairau[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Arthur Seymour 201 52.89
Independent George Henderson 179 47.11
Majority 22 5.79 -0.81
Turnout 380 74.66 -20.38
Registered electors 509

1875 by-election

Wairau by-election, 1875[56]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Joseph Ward 202 53.30 +10.19
Independent William Sefton Moorhouse 177 46.70
Majority 25 6.60 -7.18
Informal votes 4 1.04
Turnout 379 94.04 +30.16
Registered electors 403

1872 by-election

Wairau by-election, 1872[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Arthur Seymour 161 56.89
Independent Joseph Ward 122 43.11
Majority 39 13.78
Turnout 283 63.88
Registered electors 443

1871 election

General election, 1871: Wairau[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent William Henry Eyes 102 61.82
Independent Henry Redwood 63 38.18
Majority 39 23.64
Turnout 165 37.25
Registered electors 443

1861 election

General election, 1861: Wairau[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent William Henry Eyes 65 51.59
Independent Frederick Weld 61 48.41
Majority 4 3.17
Turnout 126 45.00
Registered electors 280

Notes

  1. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 29f.
  2. ↑ McRobie 1989, p. 31.
  3. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 29–31.
  4. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 35–77.
  5. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 77–81.
  6. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 83–85.
  7. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 87–93.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 245.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ McRobie 1989, p. 29.
  22. ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 260.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Scholefield 1940b, pp. 459f.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 193.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 63–65.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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