Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major

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Mistral Major
Gnome-Rhone 14 Mistral Major engines 1943.jpg
Gnome-Rhône 14Ks in a hangar in North Africa, 1943
Type Radial engine
Manufacturer Gnome et Rhône
First run 1929

The Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major was a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial engine. It was Gnome-Rhône's major aircraft engine prior to World War II, and matured into a highly sought-after design that would see licensed production throughout Europe and Japan. Thousands of Mistral Major engines were produced, used on a wide variety of aircraft.

Design and development

In 1921 Gnome-Rhône purchased a license for the highly successful Bristol Jupiter engine and produced it until about 1930, alongside the smaller Bristol Titan. Starting in 1926, however, they used the basic design of the Titan to produce a family of new engines, the so-called "K series". These started with the 5K Titan, followed by the 7K Titan Major and 9K Mistral. By 1930, 6,000 of these engines had been delivered.

However, the aircraft industry at that time was rapidly evolving and producing much larger aircraft that demanded larger engines to power them. Gnome-Rhône responded by developing the 7K into a two-row version that became the 14K Mistral Major. The first test examples were running in 1929.

As the Jupiter had set the pattern for one-row radials in the 1920s, the Mistal Major became a canonical design for twin-row radials of the 1930s. It was widely licensed and formed the basis for many successful designs. Among the licensees were Industria Aeronautică Română, Manfred Weiss in Hungary, Alvis of the UK, Tumansky in the USSR, Walter of Czechoslovakia, Isotta-Fraschini and Piaggio in Italy. Nakajima in Japan also licensed it, but did not put it into production, developing their own designs based on features taken from the Mistral and other designs.

Variants

Kbr
Kbrs
Kdr
un-supercharged with reduction gearing
Kds
direct drive with supercharger
Kdrs
supercharged with reduction gearing
Kes
Kirs
Knrs
Krsd
?
Kors
opposite rotation to Kors
Manfred Weiss WM K.14
Piaggio P.XI
IAR 14K
Tumansky M-87
ИАМ K.14
Isotta-Fraschini K.14

Applications

Aircraft powered by G-R 14K derivatives

Specifications (Gnome-Rhône 14Kd)

Data from [1][2]

General characteristics

  • Type: Fourteen-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine
  • Bore: 146 mm (5.75 in)
  • Stroke: 165 mm (6.50 in)
  • Displacement: 38.72 L (2,363 cu in)
  • Length: Kds - 1,317 mm (51.85 in)
Kdr - 0.5 reduction gear - 1,528 mm (60.16 in)
Kdr - 0.666· reduction gear - 1,530 mm (60.24 in)
Kdrs - 0.5 reduction gear - 1,554 mm (61.18 in)
Kdrs - 0.666· reduction gear - 1,556 mm (61.26 in)
  • Diameter: 1,288 mm (50.71 in)
  • Dry weight: Kdr 0.5 reduction gear - 503 kg (1,109 lb)
Kdr 0.666· reduction gear - 508 kg (1,120 lb)
Kdrs 0.5 reduction gear - 523 kg (1,153 lb)
Kdrs 0.666· reduction gear - 528 kg (1,164 lb)
Kds 502 kg (1,107 lb)

Components

Performance

  • Power output: Kdr - 600 kW (800 hp) at sea level
Kdrs - 580 kW (780 hp) at 1,500 m (4,900 ft) at 2,400 rpm
Kdrs - 510 kW (680 hp) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft) at 2,400 rpm
Kds - 560 kW (750 hp) at 1,500 m (4,900 ft) at 2,300 rpm
Kds - 480 kW (650 hp) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft) at 2,300 rpm

See also

Related development
Related lists

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Danel, Raymond and Cuny, Jean. L'aviation française de bombardement et de renseignement 1918-1940 Docavia n°12, Editions Larivière
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