William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697)

The 1st Earl of Craven.

William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven, PC (June 1608 – 9 April 1697) was an English nobleman and soldier.

His father William Craven was born in a poor family in Appletreewick in North Yorkshire but moved to London, became wealthy, and was Lord Mayor of London in 1610.

Craven fought for Frederick V on the Continent and fell in love with his wife, Elizabeth of Bohemia. Still being absent during the English Civil War, he supported this lady's brother, Charles I, financially rather than in person and, therefore, had all his lands – largely in Berkshire, but including his main country seat at Caversham Park in Oxfordshire – confiscated. After the Restoration, he set about planning to build a vast palace for Elizabeth at Hamstead Marshall in Berkshire with a hunting lodge at nearby Ashdown (now in Oxfordshire), but she died before construction began.

After the Restoration, he was rewarded with several Court offices and given an earldom. He was granted a share in the Colony of Carolina and served as one of its Lord Proprietors. As a Privy Councillor he seems to have been diligent enough: Pepys in his Diary regularly mentions his attendance at the Committee for Tangier and his chairing the Committee on Fisheries. In the latter role Pepys was rather shocked by his bawdy language which Pepys thought improper in a councillor (though perhaps natural in an old soldier). In 1678 we read of his presence at the historic Council meeting where Titus Oates first publicised, the Popish Plot.

Pepys' attitude to Craven varies in the Diary- on the one hand he calls him a coxcomb and criticises his chairing of the Fisheries Committee; at other times he is glad that Craven is his "very good friend". Whatever Pepys's opinion of him, Craven earned the lasting respect and gratitude of the people of London during the Great Plague when unlike the great majority of noblemen who fled to the country, he remained in London helping to maintain order and donating property for burial grounds.

Craven County, North Carolina is named after William.

An older Craven.

References

• Ford, David Nash (2001). Royal Berkshire History: William Craven, Earl of Craven (1608–1697)

Further reading

Military offices
Preceded by The Duke of Albemarle	Colonel of the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards 1670–1689	Succeeded by Thomas Tollemache
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Lord Lovelace	Custos Rotulorum of Berkshire 1634–1689	Succeeded by The Duke of Norfok
Preceded by Sir Edward Nicholas	Custos Rotulorum of Middlesex 1669–1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Clare
Preceded by The Duke of Albemarle	Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex 1670–1689
Peerage of England
New creation	Earl of Craven 1664–1697	Extinct
	Baron Craven 1626–1697	Succeeded by William Craven