William R. Peers

William R. Peers
File:DK3.jpg
Born	(1914-06-14)June 14, 1914 Stuart, Iowa
Died	San Francisco, California
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1938-1973
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands held	I Field Force, Vietnam 4th Infantry Division
Battles/wars	World War II Korean War Vietnam War
Relations	Barbara Peers, wife; Rose Mary Peers, wife; Barbara "Penny" Hicks, daughter; Christina Peers Neely, daughter

William Ray Peers (June 14, 1914 – April 6, 1984) was a United States Army General, who is most notable for presiding over the Peers Commission investigation into the My Lai massacre and other similar war crimes during the Vietnam War.

Biography

Peers, often referred to by his middle name "Ray" by close associates, was born in Stuart, Iowa in 1914. He attended the University of California, Los Angeles where he was a member of the Sigma Pi Fraternity. He graduated with a degree from the College of Education in 1937, and received a regular Army commission in 1938.

When the United States entered World War II, Peers was recruited into the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). He joined Detachment 101, which carried out guerrilla operations against the Japanese in the China India Burma Theater. At first the unit's operations and training officer, he became the unit's commander when its colonel, Carl F. Eifler was disabled by injuries in 1943. He held that position until 1945, when he became commander of all OSS operations in China south of the Yangtze River. In this capacity, he led a Nationalist Chinese parachute-commando unit into Nanking, securing the former Chinese capital from the Japanese and Communist Chinese before the armistice.

After World War II, Peers joined the CIA, establishing the agency's first training program. During the Korean War, he directed covert operations by Chinese Nationalist troops into the southern part of the People's Republic of China from secret bases in Burma.

Upon his return from China, he attended the prestigious Army War College, and afterward held a series of intelligence and staff positions. With his Asian insurgency warfare expertise, it was inevitable that his career would prosper during the Vietnam War. At its beginning, Peers was the assistant deputy chief of staff for special operations. The next year he became special assistant for counterinsurgency and special activities for the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

In January 1967, as a major general, he was named the 32nd commanding officer of the 4th Infantry Division ("The Ivy Division"). 14 months later, he was promoted to lieutenant general, and commanded the 50,000 American soldiers of the corps-level I Field Force, Vietnam. Based in the Central Highlands, The I Field Force comprised some of the most aggressive American formations in Vietnam, including the 1st Cavalry Division, 101st Airborne Division and the 173rd Airborne Brigade. Peers also coordinated the operations of four South Vietnamese and the two elite South Korean divisions sent as that country's contribution. Under his leadership, allied troops decisively defeated Viet Cong guerrillas and NVA regulars in the battles of Dak To in November 1967, and Duc Lap in August 1968.

In 1969, Peers was ordered by General Westmoreland to investigate the My Lai Massacre, being selected because of his reputation for fairness and objectivity. In 1970 Peers issued a very thorough and critical report on the incident, called the "Peers Commission." Hugh Thompson who, along with his helicopter crew, were the only soldiers who attempted to stop the massacre, said of the Peers report:

The Army had Lieutenant General William R. Peers conduct the investigation. He conducted a very thorough investigation. Congress did not like his investigation at all, because he pulled no punches, and he recommended court-martial for I think 34 people, not necessarily for the murder but for the cover-up.

Peers died at the age of 69 on 6 April 1984 of a heart attack at Letterman Army Medical Center at the Presidio of San Francisco.

Books published

• Peers, William R. and Dean Brelis. Behind the Burma Road. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1963.
• Goldstein, Joseph, William R. Peers, Burke Marshall, and Jack Schwartz. The My Lai Massacre and Its Cover-Up: Beyond the Reach of Law?: The Peers Commission Report. Free Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0029122303
• Peers, William R. My Lai Inquiry. W W Norton & Co Inc., 1979. ISBN 978-0393011845

In popular culture

• Oliver Stone's movie Pinkville will star Bruce Willis as William Peers. This film project has since been cancelled.

See also

• Peers, William R. Central Intelligence Agency. Intelligence Operations of OSS Detachment 101. Retrieved 2012-05-28.