Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier)

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This article is about the armoured personnel carrier. For other uses, see Type 63 (disambiguation).
Type 63 (YW531)
Type 63 APC at the Beijing Military Museum - 1.jpg
Type 63 APC
Type Armoured personnel carrier
Place of origin  People's Republic of China
Service history
Wars Vietnam War, Sino-Vietnamese War, Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War, 2003 invasion of Iraq
Production history
Manufacturer 618 Factory / Norinco
Specifications
Weight 12.6 tonnes
Length 5.476 m
Width 2.978 m
Height 2.58 m
Crew 2 + 10
Armor 14 mm maximum, welded steel
Main
armament
 Type 54 12.7 mm machine gun
Engine 8-cylinder air-cooled, turbo-charged diesel KHD BF8L 413F
320 hp
Suspension torsion bar
Operational
range
 500 km
Speed 65 km/h, off-road 46 km/h
Top-shot of a Type 63 APC (A531) at the Beijing Military Museum
63-2 (WZ531) at the Military Museum

The Type 63 (industrial designation YW531) is a Chinese armoured personnel carrier that entered service in the late 1960s. It was the first armoured vehicle designed in China without Soviet assistance.[1] The design is simple and is comparable to other APCs of its time such as the M113.

Approximately 8,000 all types and variants were produced by Norinco, making it the third most widely manufactured AFV in the world. It also equips several armies around the world and has seen action in different conflicts including the Vietnam War, the Sino-Vietnamese War, the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War, and infamously, in the crackdown of the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989.

Development

In 1958 July, the central government of the People’s Republic of China proclaim in a national scientific development strategic plan that call for a tracked armoured personnel carrier that can be ready for mass production in 1960, in less than two years, and Yong Ding Machinery Factory (永定机械厂) – later incorporated into the NORINCO group to be responsible for the manufacturing of the new APC and the design work was left to No. 1 Institute of the First Machinery works (was focusing on tanks design) and the Fourth faculty of the Harbin Engineering Academy to be under the supervision of the Scientific department of the PLA Armour Corp., Fifth Department of First Machinery Works and Soviet experts.

Description

The hull is made of welded steel, and provides protection against small arms fire. The vehicle carries a maximum of 15 including crew, which depending on the particular configuration may be two or four, the rest of the passengers are infantry who sit in a compartment at the rear of the vehicle. The driver sits in the front left of the hull, and has a single piece hatch, which opens to the left. The driver is provided with two day periscopes which cover the front and right of the vehicle. One of the drivers periscopes can be replaced by a night vision device. The commander sits on the front right of the hull, and has a single piece hatch which opens to the right. The commander hatch has a periscope on the top surface that may be rotated through 360 degrees. Export variants of the vehicle with BF8L engine did away with the commander's position in the front right of the hull. Behind the driver, on the left side of the hull is a third crew position, which is provided with a hatch that opens to the left, and like the commander's position has a 360-degree rotating periscope.

The engine sits to the right rear of the driver. It has a large intake located in the top of the hull, with an exhaust on the right hand side. The engine is either a Type 6150L 260 hp diesel engine or, on export versions, an 8-cylinder air-cooled, turbocharged diesel engine KHD BF8L 413F which develops 320 horsepower at 2,500 rpm. The engine feeds a manual transmission with five forward gears and one reverse gear. Track is driven at the front by a drive sprocket, and passes over four rubber-typed road wheels, then loops over an idler at the rear, before returning to the front again. No return rollers are fitted, the track rests on the top of the road wheels. Suspension is of the torsion bar type. The vehicle has a fuel capacity of 450 litres, which gives it a road range of around 500 kilometers.[2]

A 12.7 millimetre calibre machine gun is located in an open mount at the front of a small hatch in the center of the hull which opens into the troop compartment. The gun can traverse through 360 degrees and can be elevated to an angle of 90 degrees. Two roof hatches and a large rear door provide access to the troop compartment.

The vehicle is amphibious, a folding trim board stowed at the front of the hull needs to be raised, and the vehicle can then propel itself in the water using its tracks.

Other designations

  • K-63
  • M1967
  • M1970

Variants

PLA

  • Type 531 (1964) - Basic version with Type 56 7.62 mm machine gun, not mass-produced.
  • Type A531 or Type 63 (1968) - Production variant with 12.7 mm machine gun Type 54, uprated engine and different transmission. Also known as Type 531A.
  • Type B531 or Type 63-I (1981) - Improved version with stronger suspension, additional firing ports and two additional roof hatches.
    • Type 63C - Designator for PLA Type 63 and 63-I that are equipped with an amphibious kit.
  • Type WZ701 - Command version of the Type A531 with higher troop compartment and fitted with up to five radios (Type 889, Type 892, Type 70-2B) and a generator. Armament consists of a Type 56-1 machine gun of 7.62 mm.
  • Type WZ721 - Communications relay vehicle with higher roof line and ZZT1 set.
  • Type WZ750 - Armoured ambulance with higher roof line, unarmed.
  • Type WZ302 or Type 70 SPH - Self-propelled artillery version of the Type B531 mounting a 122 mm Type 54-I howitzer.
  • Type WZ303 or Type 70 MRL - Rocket artillery version of the Type A531 with 19-tube 130 mm multiple rocket launcher.
  • Type YD801 - Fire fighting vehicle.
  • ZZM88 - Cryptography vehicle. Program begun in July 1984 and entered service in August 1992. Used to provide cryptographic codes for other vehicles.
  • Type WZ534 (Type 89)

Export

Former Iraqi YW701 command vehicle at the Puckkapunyal Military Museum
  • Type YW531C or Type 81 (1982) - Export version of the 531 series with German Deutz engine KHD BF8L of 320 hp (240 kW). The machine gunner's position front right was deleted.
    • Type YW531D - Modified version with only 1 instead of 2 firing ports on the left side.
    • Type YW531E - As per YW531D but with one additional radio Type 892.
  • Type YW701 - Export version of the Type WZ701 command post vehicle. Based on the Type YW531C and equipped with a commander's cupola with Type 54 machine gun.
  • Type YW750 - Export version of the Type WZ750 armoured ambulance. Based on the Type YW531C and equipped with a commander's cupola with Type 54 machine gun.
  • Type YW304 - Self-propelled 82 mm mortar with 120 rounds, based on the Type YW531C.
  • Type YW381 - Self-propelled 120 mm mortar with 50 rounds, based on the Type YW531C.
  • Type YW531H (Type 85)

Operators

Map of Type 63 (APC) operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

Former operators

  •  Albania Retired from service
  •  Iraq 650 delivered in 1982-1988[5] Destroyed after the War

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmFMoPTmOKA#t=56
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..

External links

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