Ğ

Letter "Ğ"

Ğ, or ğ, is a letter, known as g-breve in English, used in Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, and Laz.

Turkish use

In Turkish, the ⟨ğ⟩ /ɰ/ is known as yumuşak ge [jumuʃak ɟe] (soft g) and is the ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet. It is very similar to the blødt g 'soft g' in Danish and comparable to the '-gh' sound in the Arabic letter ghayn. It lengthens the preceding vowel, which is normally short in Turkish without the ⟨ğ⟩. For example, dağ (mountain) is pronounced like [daː], and yağ (oil) is pronounced like [jaː]. The ⟨ğ⟩ must follow a vowel, and thus cannot be the initial letter of a word. Its exact function varies throughout Turkey and with regard to the particular vowel with which it is used: it adds a rising of the back of the tongue (as for /g/ or /k/) to /a/ and /ı/, a /j/ glide to /e/ or /i/, and a /β/ glide to the rounded vowels /o/, /u/, /ö/ and /ü/.

The letter provides a smooth transition between vowels since they do not occur consecutively in native Turkish words (in loanwords they are separated by a glottal stop). Sometimes ⟨g⟩ is used incorrectly instead of ⟨ğ⟩. In the case of Turkish words borrowed into other languages, the letter may become a [ɡ], as in yogurt (also spelled yoghurt; Turkish yoğurt). In rare cases, the phonetic /ɣ/ (gamma) or the Greek letter ⟨γ⟩ is used. Some webpages may also use ⟨Ð⟩ and ⟨ð⟩ because of improper encoding; see Turkish characters for the reasons of this.

Azeri (Azerbaijani) and Crimean Tatar use

In Azeri and Crimean Tatar, the ğ represents /ɣ/ the voiced velar fricative.

Laz use

Laz is written using two alphabets: the Georgian script and an extended Turkish Latin alphabet. In the Latin alphabet, ğ represents /ɣ/, the voiced velar fricative. It corresponds to the Georgian letter Ghani.

Character encoding

Character	Ğ		ğ
Unicode name	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE		LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
Unicode	286	U+011E	287	U+011F
UTF-8	196 158	C4 9E	196 159	C4 9F
Numeric character reference	Ğ	Ğ	ğ	ğ
ISO 8859-3	171	AB	187	BB
ISO 8859-9	208	D0	240	F0

See also

• Ǧ (g with caron)
• Ġayn (Arabic)
• Ghayn (Cyrillic)