Zhangzhou
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| Zhangzhou 漳州市 |
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| Prefecture-level city | |
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 Location of Zhangzhou City jurisdiction in Fujian |
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 Zhangzhou
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| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 12,888 km2 (4,976 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 366 km2 (141 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,257 km2 (1,258 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 4,809,983 |
| • Density | 370/km2 (970/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 596,165 |
| • Urban density | 1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,984,482 |
| • Metro density | 1,500/km2 (4,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 363000 |
| Area code(s) | 596 |
| GDP | 2009[1] |
| - Total | CNY 111.317 billion (USD 16.31 billion) |
| - Per capita | CNY 23,264 (USD 3,409) |
| - Growth |  13.3% |
| License Plate | 闽E |
| Local dialect | Min Nan: Zhangzhou dialect |
| City trees | Cinnamomum camphora |
| City flowers | Narcissus tazetta |
| Website | www.zhangzhou.gov.cn |
| Zhangzhou | |||||
| Chinese | 漳州 | ||||
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| Postal | Changchow | ||||
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Zhangzhou (Chinese: 漳州; pinyin: Zhāngzhōu; Wade–Giles: Chang1-chou1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiang-chiu; formerly Lung-ch'i) is a prefecture-level city in southern Fujian province, People's Republic of China. Located on the banks of the Jiulong River (Beixi), Zhangzhou borders the cities of Xiamen and Quanzhou to the northeast, Longyan to the northwest and the province of Guangdong (Shantou City) to the southwest.
Zhangzhou is home to 4,809,983 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom those of Longwen and Xiacheng districts are considered as urban. These two districts, together with Longhai and Xiamen, form a metropolitan area that, as of 2010[update], is home to about 5 million inhabitants.
In older English works, its name may appear as Chang-chow or Changchow and in Southeast Asian contexts it appears as Chiang-chew or Chiang Chew from the Hokkien name.
Contents
Dialect
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The main dialect spoken in Zhangzhou is Hokkien, one of the major Min Nan languages/topolects. Standard Mandarin is used in government, commerce and official business.
History
In the early 20th century, Zhangzhou-fu was surrounded by 42 miles (68 km) of wall (in circumference). [2] Its streets were paved with granite, but struck some Western visitors as dirty, as reported in the Encyclopædia Britannica. The Jiulong River was crossed by an 800-foot bridge of wooden planks supported on twenty-five stone piers.[2] At this time, heavy silk trading activity occurred in the city, while brick kilns and sugar-manufactures were among its primary industrial activities.[2] In 1911, its population was estimated around 1,000,000.[2]
Zhangzhou's central urban area (now Xiangcheng District) was occupied in April and May 1932 by a column of Communist guerrillas under Mao Zedong. Due to the presence of Western gunboats in Xiamen Bay, arms shipments from the Soviet Union were unable to get up the Jiulong River to Mao's forces and on to the main Communist base area. According to some reports, Mao's forces took with them a substantial amount of loot from bourgeois residents when his column retreated from the city.[3]
Climate
Zhangzhou has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with mild to warm winters and long, very hot and humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) in January to 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The frost-free period lasts 330 days.
| Climate data for Zhangzhou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.8 (83.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.7 (92.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.1 (100.6) |
37.1 (98.8) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.2 (95.4) |
29.1 (84.4) |
38.6 (101.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.8 (82) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.2 (88.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.2 (55.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.1 (59.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 10.0 (50) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
18.0 (64.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 41.0 (1.614) |
84.8 (3.339) |
114.0 (4.488) |
168.4 (6.63) |
207.2 (8.157) |
278.6 (10.969) |
171.9 (6.768) |
232.8 (9.165) |
170.0 (6.693) |
63.0 (2.48) |
38.2 (1.504) |
34.5 (1.358) |
1,604.4 (63.165) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.5 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 11.2 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 139.6 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
The prefecture-level city of Zhangzhou administers 2 districts, 1 county-level city and 8 counties.
- Xiangcheng District (芗城区)
- Longwen District (龙文区)
- Longhai City (龙海市)
- Changtai County (长泰县)
- Dongshan County (东山县)
- Hua'an County (华安县)
- Nanjing County (南靖县)
- Pinghe County (平和县)
- Yunxiao County (云霄县)
- Zhangpu County (漳浦县)
- Zhao'an County (诏安县)
Economy
A major petrochemical plant, producing paraxylene, owned by Taiwan-based Xianglu Group is located in Zhangzhou's Gulei Peninsula. The plant suffered major fires in 2013 and 2015.[4]
Transportation
Two passenger stations serve Zhangzhou:
- Zhangzhou East Railway Station on the older Yingtan–Xiamen Railway, northeast of the city;
- Zhangzhou Railway Station, the junction of the high-speed Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway and Longyan–Xiamen Railway, opened in 2012, south of the city.
Education
Notable people
- Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), 657–711 CE, military leader important in facilitating Han-nationality settlement and control of modern-day Fujian and northern Guangdong.
- Khaw Soo Cheang, 1786–1882, South China Sea merchant and a royally-favoured Governor in Thailand.
- Lin Yutang (林语堂), 1895–1976, international author, cultural ambassador and inventor.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Chang-Chow
- ↑ Zhang Rong/Jung Chang, Mao: the Unknown Story, 2005, p.117
- ↑ A contentious chemical plant in China has exploded for the second time in two years
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zhangzhou. |
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- Articles with Chinese-language external links
- Cities in Fujian
- Prefecture-level divisions of Fujian
- Zhangzhou
- National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China
- National Garden Cities in China
