1842 in science
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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The year 1842 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents
Botany
- Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward publishes On the Growth of Plants in Closely Glazed Cases in London, promoting his concept of the Wardian case.[1]
Exploration
- Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross charts the eastern side of James Ross Island and on January 23 reaches a Farthest South of 78°09'30"S.[2]
Medicine
- January – American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first person to administer an inhaled anesthetic to facilitate a surgical procedure (dental extraction).[3]
- March 30 – American physician and pharmacist Crawford Long administers an inhaled anesthetic (diethyl ether) to facilitate a surgical procedure (removal of a neck tumor).[4][5]
- English surgeon William Bowman publishes On the Structure and Use of the Malpighian Bodies of the Kidney,[6] identifying Bowman's capsule, a key component of the nephron.
- Edwin Chadwick's critical Report on an inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain is published by the Poor Law Commission.[7]
Paleontology
- Palaeontologist Richard Owen coins the name Dinosauria, hence the Anglicized dinosaur.[8]
Physics
- Christian Doppler proposes the Doppler effect.[9]
- Julius Robert von Mayer proposes that work and heat are equivalent.[10] This is independently discovered in 1843 by James Prescott Joule, who names it "mechanical equivalent of heat".
Technology
- January 8 – Delft University of Technology established by William II of the Netherlands as a 'Royal Academy for the education of civilian engineers'.[11]
- February 21 – John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.[12]
- June – James Nasmyth patents his design of steam hammer in England and introduces an improved planing machine.[13]
- Peugeot of France creates the pepper mill.[14]
Events
- September 14–17 – English naturalist Charles Darwin and his family settle at Down House in Kent.
Awards
Births
- February 2 – Julian Sochocki (died 1927), mathematician.
- February 22 – Camille Flammarion (died 1925), astronomer.
- March 17 – Rosina Heikel (died 1929), physician.
- May 8 – Emil Christian Hansen (died 1909), fermentation physiologist.
- June 11 – Carl von Linde (died 1934), refrigeration engineer.
- August 23 – Osborne Reynolds (died 1912), physicist.
- September 9 – Elliott Coues (died 1899), ornithologist.
- September 20
- James Dewar (died 1923), chemist.
- Charles Lapworth (died 1920), geologist.
- October 17 – Gustaf Retzius (died 1919), anatomist.
- October 24 (O.S. October 12) – Nikolai Menshutkin (died 1907), chemist.
- November 12 – John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (died 1919), Nobel Prize-winning physicist.
- December 17 – Sophus Lie (died 1899), mathematician.
Deaths
- February 15 – Archibald Menzies (born 1754), botanist.
- April 28 – Charles Bell (born 1774), anatomist.
- May 8 – Jules Dumont d'Urville (born 1790), explorer.
- June 30 – Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (born 1754), agriculturalist and geneticist.
- July 19 – Pierre Joseph Pelletier (born 1788), chemist.
- July 25 – Dominique Jean Larrey (born 1766), surgeon, pioneer of battlefield medicine.
References
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- ↑ Presented to the Royal Society of London.
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- ↑ Owen, R. (1842). "Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Plymouth, England.
- ↑ "Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels – Versuch einer das Bradley'sche Theorem als integrirenden Theil in sich schliessenden allgemeineren Theorie" ("On the coloured light of the binary refracted stars and other celestial bodies – Attempt of a more general theory including Bradley's theorem as an integral part"). Abhandlungen der kaiserlichen bõhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Prag (Prague) V Folge 2. 25 May 1842.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. See section: "Contributors to the invention of the sewing machine".
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