2022 Italian general election

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2022 Italian general election
← 2018 25 September 2022
All 400 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (C)
All 200 elective seats in the Senate of the Republic (S)
Opinion polls
Registered 46,021,956 (C) · 45,210,950 (S)
Turnout 63.9% (Decrease9.0 pp)
Results by party
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Giorgia Meloni Enrico Letta Giuseppe Conte
Party Brothers of Italy Democratic Party Five Star Movement
Alliance Centre-right coalition Centre-left coalition —
Leader since 8 March 2014 14 March 2021 6 August 2021
Leader's seat L'Aquila (C) Siena (C)
Seats before 40 (C) · 21 (S) 106 (C) · 43 (S) 96 (C) · 62 (S)
Popular vote 7,284,952 (C)
7,135,316 (S)		 5,337,738 (C)
5,196,480 (S)		 4,315,497 (C)
4,258,308 (S)
Percentage 26.0% (C)
26.0% (S)		 19.0% (C)
18.9% (S)		 15.4% (C)
15.5% (S)
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Matteo Salvini Silvio Berlusconi Carlo Calenda
Party Lega (political party) Forza Italia Action – Italia Viva
Alliance Centre-right coalition Centre-right coalition —
Leader since 15 December 2013 16 November 2013 11 August 2022
Leader's seat Calabria (S) Monza (S) Rome Central (S)
(did not win)
Seats before 131 (C) · 61 (S) 68 (C) · 47 (S) 46 (C) · 18 (S)
Popular vote 2,458,752 (C)
2,429,936 (S)		 2,272,902 (C)
2,269,208 (S)		 2,178,035 (C)
2,117,480 (S)
Percentage 8.7% (C)
8.8% (S)		 8.1% (C)
8.2% (S)		 7.7% (C)
7.7% (S)
Results by coalition
Party Leader % Seats ±
Centre-right coalition 43.8
Centre-left coalition 26.1
Five Star Movement 15.4
Action – Italia Viva 7.8
Centre-right coalition 44.0
Centre-left coalition 26.0
Five Star Movement 15.6
Action – Italia Viva 7.7
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
200px 200px
200px 200px
Prime Minister before
Mario Draghi
Independent

The 2022 Italian general election was a snap election held in Italy on 25 September 2022. The 2022 Italian government crisis, which led to the resignation of Prime Minister Mario Draghi, resulted in President Sergio Mattarella dissolving the Italian Parliament on 21 July, eight months before its natural expiration, and calling for new elections. Draghi continues to head the government as caretaker prime minister.[1] As a result of the 2020 Italian constitutional referendum, the size of Parliament was reduced with respect to previous elections. Under the amended Constitution of Italy, there were 400 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 200 members of the Senate of the Republic to be elected, down from 630 and 315, respectively.[2][3] In addition, following the approval of a constitutional law in 2021, the minimum voting age for the Senate was the same as for the Chamber (18 years old and no longer 25), which marks the first time the two houses had identical electorates.[4]

In a record-low voter turnout election,[5] exit polls projected that the centre-right coalition would win a majority of seats. Under the Italian system of proportional representation, preliminary results indicated Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy will become the largest party in Parliament with 26% of the vote, making her likely to become Prime Minister of Italy, as per the pre-election agreement among the centre-right coalition parties. Matteo Salvini's Lega and Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia suffered losses, polling 8% each, and Us Moderates did not reach the 1% electoral threshold within the centre-right coalition. The centre-left coalition led by the Democratic Party achieved about the same result as in 2018, the Greens and Left Alliance reached the 3% threshold, More Europe narrowly missed the 3% threshold, and Luigi Di Maio's Civic Commitment failed to reach the 1% threshold within their coalition. The centre-left splinter party Action–Italia Viva polled 7%. The Five Star Movement saw its popular vote more than halved but were able to reach 15% in defiance of single-digit polls before the campaign, maintaining their dominance in their stronghold in Southern Italy. The other parties to be represented in Parliament were the regionalists South calls North, the South Tyrolean People's Party, and the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party. Due to the 2017 electoral law of Italy and the mixed electoral system, the centre-right coalition was able to win a parliamentary absolute majority at 44%, by winning almost all single-member districts in the first-past-the-post system.[6][7][8]

Background

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See also: 2018 Italian government formation

In the 2018 Italian general election, held on 4 March, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament.[9][10] The centre-right coalition, in which Matteo Salvini's League emerged as the main political force, won a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, while the anti-establishment Five Star Movement (M5S) led by Luigi Di Maio became the party with the largest number of votes. The centre-left coalition, led by Matteo Renzi of the governing Democratic Party (PD), came third.[11] Due the PD and centre-left's poor results, Renzi resigned on 12 March, his place being taken ad interim by Maurizio Martina.[12][13]

The League's Salvini continued the Italian nationalist turn it took into the 2018 general election. In October 2018, Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) was founded as a sister party to promote Salvini's candidature as Prime Minister of Italy. Political commentators have since described it as a parallel party of the League, with the aim of politically replacing the latter, which had been burdened by a statutory debt of €49 million. The LSP's statute presented it as a nationalist and souverainist party.[14] On 22 January 2020, four days before the regional elections, Di Maio resigned as the M5S leader, and was replaced ad interim by Vito Crimi.[15]

First Conte government

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See also: Conte I Cabinet
File:Sergio Mattarella and Giuseppe Conte.jpg
Giuseppe Conte with President Sergio Mattarella at the Quirinal Palace

As a result of the hung parliament, protracted negotiations were required before a new government could be formed. The talks between the M5S and the League resulted in the proposal of the self-declared "government of change" under the leadership of Giuseppe Conte, a university law professor close to the M5S.[16] After some bickering with President Sergio Mattarella,[17][18] Conte's cabinet, which was dubbed by the media the "first all-populist government" in Western Europe,[19][20][21] was sworn in on 1 June.[22]

The European Parliament elections, held in May 2019, were a win for the League, which obtained 34 percent of the vote and 20 seats, more than any other party in the country.[23] In August 2019, Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini announced a motion of no confidence against Conte after growing tensions within the majority.[24][25] Many political analysts believe the no confidence motion was an attempt to force early elections to improve the League's standing in the Italian Parliament, ensuring Salvini could become the next Prime Minister.[26] On 20 August, following the parliamentary debate in which he accused Salvini of being a political opportunist who "had triggered the political crisis only to serve his personal interest",[27] Prime Minister Conte resigned his post to President Mattarella.[28]

After the 2018 general election, the M5S started a decline in both opinion polls, deputies and senators, and election results, starting with the 2019 European Parliament election in Italy.[29] After the meagre results, Di Maio won a vote of confidence in his leadership and pledged to reform the party.[30][31] In the general election held in March 2018, the M5S had won 227 deputies and 112 senators; by February 2022, the party had declined to 157 deputies and 62 senators, though it remained the biggest party in the parliament.[32][33] Defections gave parliamentary representation to Alternative,[34] the Communist Party, the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC),[35] Italexit,[36] and Power to the People (PaP).[37]

Second Conte government

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See also: 2019 Italian government crisis, 2020 Italian constitutional referendum, Conte II Cabinet, COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, and COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy

On 21 August, President Mattarella started the consultations with all the parliamentary groups. On the same day, the national direction of the PD officially opened to a cabinet with the M5S,[27] based on pro-Europeanism, a green economy, sustainable development, the fight against economic inequality, and a new immigration policy.[38] As the talks resulted in an unclear outcome, President Mattarella announced a second round of consultation for 27 or 28 August.[39]

File:Giuseppe Conte 2 giugno 2020.jpg
Conte during the 2020 Festa della Repubblica, wearing a protection mask amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which deeply affected Italy

In the days that preceded the second round, a confrontation between the PD and the M5S started,[40] while the left-wing parliamentary group LeU announced its support for a potential M5S–PD cabinet.[41] On 28 August, the PD's newly elected secretary Nicola Zingaretti announced at the Quirinal Palace his favorable position on forming a new government with the M5S, with Conte at its head.[42] On the same day, Mattarella summoned Conte to the Quirinal Palace for 29 August to give him the task of forming a new cabinet.[43] On 3 September, members of the M5S voted on the Rousseau platform in favor of an agreement with the PD under the premiership of Conte, with more than 79% of votes out of nearly 80,000 voters.[44] On 4 September, Conte announced the ministers of his new cabinet, which was sworn in at the Quirinal Palace on the following day.[45] On 18 September, Renzi left the PD to found the liberal party Italia Viva (IV); he then joined the government with IV to keep the League and Salvini out of power.[46]

In October 2019, Parliament approved the Fraccaro Reform, named after Riccardo Fraccaro, the M5S deputy who was the bill's first signatory.[47] The fourth and final vote in the Chamber of Deputies came on 8 October 2019, with 553 votes in favor and 14 against. In the final vote, the bill was supported by both the majority and the opposition;[48] only the liberal party More Europe (+E) and other small groups voted against.[49] The reform provided a cut in the number of MPs, which would shrink from 630 to 400 deputies and from 315 to 200 senators.[50] On 20–21 September 2020, Italians largely approved the reform with nearly 70% of votes through a referendum.[51]

In January 2020, Italy became one of the countries worst affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.[52] Conte's government was the first in the Western world to implement a national lockdown to stop the spread of the disease.[53][54] Despite being widely approved by public opinion,[55] the lockdown was also described as the largest suppression of constitutional rights in the history of the Italian Republic.[56][57][58]

Draghi government

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See also: 2021 Italian government crisis, 2022 Italian presidential election, 2022 Italian government crisis, and Draghi Cabinet

In January 2021, Renzi's party Italia Viva withdrew its support for Conte's government, starting a government crisis.[59] Although Conte was able to win confidence votes in Parliament in the subsequent days, he chose to resign due to failing to reach an absolute majority in the Senate.[60] After negotiations to form a third Conte cabinet failed, Mario Draghi, the former president of the European Central Bank, became Prime Minister on 13 February at the head of a national unity government composed of independent technocrats and politicians from the League, M5S, PD, FI, IV, and LeU.[61][62] Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy (FdI) was the sole main party at the opposition.[63]

File:Mario Draghi 2021.jpg
Mario Draghi accepting the task of forming a new cabinet

In March 2021, the PD's secretary Zingaretti resigned after growing tensions within the PD, with the party's minority accusing him for the management of the government crisis.[64] Many prominent members of the party asked to former Prime Minister Enrico Letta to become the new leader; on 14 March, he was elected as the new secretary by the PD's national assembly.[65][66] In August 2021, Conte was elected president of the M5S.[67] In February 2022, a Naples' court ruled in favour of three M5S activists, suspending Conte's presidency.[68] On 19 February, Conte appealed to the court's decision,[69] on the grounds that he was not aware of the 2018 party statute, which provided for the exclusion from voting of those who had joined the M5S for less than six months, and the voting procedure was valid.[70] In 2019, several M5S officials had criticized former leader Di Maio after the transparency of the Rousseau's platform, the online platform used by the party, was questioned earlier on in the year.[71]

In the Italian presidential election held in late January 2022,[72][73][74] President Mattarella was re-elected, despite having ruled out a second term, after the governing parties asked him to do so when no other candidate was viable.[75][76][77] In February 2022, four former M5S deputies (Silvia Benedetti, Yana Ehm, Doriana Sarli, and Simona Suriano) formed the parliamentary group ManifestA, a merge of the PaP and PRC parties,[78] whose name echoes The Communist Manifesto, with an imperative as an invitation to mobilization.[79] By July 2022, they would form the People's Union (UP), based after Jean-Luc Mélenchon's New Ecological and Social People's Union, with Luigi de Magistris as its political leader.[80][81]

File:Mattarella Draghi Scioglimento Camere 2022.jpg
Re-elected president Mattarella dissolved the Italian Parliament following Draghi's resignation.

During 2022, rumours arose around a possible withdrawal of M5S's support to the national unity government, including allegations that Draghi privately criticized Conte and asked M5S founder Beppe Grillo to replace him.[82][83] This came amid tension between the M5S and the Draghi government on economic and environmental issues,[84][85] and the Russo-Ukrainian War, which also caused a split within the M5S. In June 2022, Di Maio formed Together for the Future (IpF), and IpF continued to support the Draghi government.[86][87] On 12 July, Draghi stated he would resign if the M5S withdraws its support to the government.[88]

On 14 July, the M5S revoked the support to the government of national unity regarding a decree concerning economic stimulus to contrast the ongoing energy crisis. On the same day, Draghi resigned; his resignation was rejected by Mattarella.[89] On 21 July, Draghi resigned again after a new confidence vote in the Senate failed to pass with an absolute majority, following defections of the M5S, the League, and FI.[90][91][92] Mattarella accepted Draghi's resignation and asked him to remain in place to handle current affairs.[93][94] On the following day, Mattarella officially dissolved the parliament and the snap election was called for 25 September 2022.[95][96][97]

Electoral campaign

Following the dissolution of Parliament, the electoral campaign officially began. Within the centre-left coalition, the Democratic Party (PD) secretary Enrico Letta ruled out an alliance with Giuseppe Conte's Five Star Movement (M5S), which he had always advocated in the previous months. Letta said that the government crisis brought an "irreversible break" between the two parties.[98] Conte accused Letta of being "arrogant and hypocritical", and the League (Lega) and Forza Italia (FI) of "having bullied" M5S "in front of the nation", adding that M5S would run alone in this election.[99][100] Conte and M5S declared themselves to be part of the progressive pole and to the left of PD;[101] their campaign centered around the minimum wage and in defense of the citizens' income against right-wing criticism.[102] Letta criticized M5S for their past government with Lega and anti-immigration measures,[103][104] and ran for a wealth tax, minimum wage, support for civil rights such as egalitarian marriage, a law protecting against sexual orientation discrimination (DDL Zan), ius scholae reform to allow children of immigrants who live and study in Italy to apply for citizenship, cannabis legalization, defense of the Constitution of Italy as an anti-fascist document, and on the lesser of two evils as the only coalition that can beat the right,[105][106] in large part due the electoral law, which Letta defined as the worst ever made.[107]

On 26 July, Italian Left (SI) and Green Europe (EV) officially launched their joint list for the upcoming election within the centre-left coalition, named Greens and Left Alliance (AVS).[108] After a few days, Bonelli was appointed political leader of the alliance on a red–green platform.[109] To their left, Power to the People (PaP), Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), and other minor left-wing and regionalist parties formed the People's Union (UP) coalition led by Luigi de Magistris, a former magistrate and mayor of Naples, on an anti-neoliberal platform.[110][111] On 28 July, the centre-right coalition, formed by Lega, FI, Brothers of Italy (FdI), Union of the Centre (UdC), Coraggio Italia (CI), and Us with Italy (NcI), found an agreement on the distribution of single-member districts between the allies and agreed also on the candidate for the premiership, which would be proposed by the party that gains more votes.[112] They campaigned on the flat tax, constitional reforms like presidentialism, and citizen's income reform, though the three main parties and leaders had their differences.[113] Due to its strong showing in opinion polls, Giorgia Meloni's FdI gained 98 candidacies, while Lega 70, FI–UdC 42, and NcI and CI 11.[114] On the following day, Letta announced that Article One (Art.1), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), and Solidary Democracy (DemoS) would run within PD's list,[115] while Carlo Calenda, leader of Action (A), revealed that Mariastella Gelmini and Mara Carfagna had joined his party and would run in the upcoming election.[116] Gelmini and Carfagna were both ministers and long-time members of FI, who left Silvio Berlusconi's party after the fall of the Draghi government.[117]

On 29 July, the campaign was marked by the murder of Alika Ogorchukwu, a Nigerian migrant who was killed with bare hands and crutches by an Italian man in a street in Civitanova Marche.[118] The murderer, a 32-year-old Italian, explained that he acted because Ogorchukwu had been begging insistently.[119] The murder was filmed by passers-by and made the front page of Italian newspapers on July 29. The political class expressed its indignation following the murder, and the left and the right accused each other: the progressive parties and several commentators accused the right of spreading racist propaganda,[120][121][122] while the right-wing parties accused the left of appropriating the murder.[123]

File:Festa Unità Bologna 2022.jpg
Enrico Letta opening the campaign at Festa de l'Unità of Bologna

On 1 August, Luigi Di Maio and Bruno Tabacci presented their new party, Civic Commitment (IC), a centrist electoral list mainly composed by former members of M5S, which would be part of the centre-left coalition.[124] Moreover, Marco Rizzo's Communist Party (PC), Antonio Ingroia's Civil Action (AC), and other minor populist and hard Eurosceptic parties launched Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP), dubbed by the media as a red–brown alliance between left-wing and right-wing movements.[125][126] On the same day, Gianluigi Paragone's Italexit and Pino Cabras's Alternativa officially announced the formation of a Eurosceptic joint list, proposing the candidacies of several anti-vaccination and anti-lockdown activists.[127] Four days later, Alternativa dissolved the alliance due to allegations about the presence of neofascist candidates within Italexit's lists,[128] following an agreement between Paragone's party and CasaPound (CP).[129]

On 2 August, Letta's PD signed an alliance with Calenda's A party and Benedetto Della Vedova's More Europe (+E).[130] On 6 August, PD signed another pact with AVS and IC.[131][132] These alliances arose tensions between Letta and Calenda. The latter, being a strong supporter of economic liberalism and nuclear power, considered impossible a coalition between his own party and the red–green alliance.[133] On 7 August, Calenda broke the alliance with PD.[134] +E, led by Della Vedova and Emma Bonino, decided to remain in the centre-left coalition with PD, marking the end of the federation between them and Calenda's party.[135] On 11 August, Matteo Renzi's Italia Viva (IV) and A signed an agreement to create a centrist alliance led by Calenda, using IV's symbol to avoid collecting signatures for Calenda's party.[136] Despite Draghi's dismissal, Calenda and Renzi said they would push for Draghi to remain as prime minister, should they win enough seats.[137] They also ran a pro-nuclear power and pro-regasification campaign as solutions for the 2021 energy crisis.[138]

File:22-09-22 Campagna elettorale mercato di Cascina 37.jpg
Electoral posters in Cascina, Tuscany

On 22 August, Meloni tweeted a video of a rape committed by a 27-year-old Guinean asylum seeker against a 55-year-old Ukrainian woman in the city of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna.[139][140][141] Letta immediately labeled Meloni as "indecent", adding that "the Italian right-wing has no respect for the victim, not caring about her rights", while Calenda stated that Meloni should be ashamed of herself.[142] Meloni accused Letta of lying, saying that the video was taken from the official website of the newspaper Il Messaggero, adding that she did not have to apologize because it was done for solidarity with the victim.[143] On 24 August, the rape victim stated that she was desperate for having been recognized by someone in the video of the attack.[144] On the same day, the video was removed by Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram due to violations of the social media's policies.[145]

On 5 September, when asked about his opinions on the Italian election, former United States president Donald Trump expressed support for Conte, stating he "worked very well with him" in the past, and that he hopes "he does well".[146] On the same day, a Lega councillor from Florence caused some controversy when he filmed a video saying that a vote for Lega would be a vote to deport Roma people.[147] On 8 September, Letta was criticized by Meloni after he stated, at the annual meeting of the Ambrosetti Forum in Cernobbio, that "with the right's victory, Italy could become a B-class european country like Poland and Hungary."[148] His statements were also criticized by the Polish ambassador to Italy, Anna Maria Anders.[149] On 9 September, Federico Mollicone, senior member of FdI, was criticized after he demanded for a Peppa Pig episode briefly showing a lesbian couple to be censored.[150] On 20 September, FdI sacked a member and candidate that openly praised Adolf Hitler;[151][152] in an audio message, he expected to only be suspended for a few days. While he remains a candidate, FdI removed its symbol from his candidature.[153]

According to Italian law, election silence was enforced over all the national territory on 24 September.[154] On 23 September, the centre-right coalition held a large rally in Rome, with closing statements and remarks from the main leaders of the alliance.[155] On the same day, the other main coalitions and their leaders (PD, M5S, and A–IV) held their final rallies.[156]

Main parties' slogans

Party Original slogan English translation Ref.
League Credo "I Believe" [157]
Five Star Movement Dalla parte giusta "On the Right Side" [158]
Democratic Party – IDP Scegli "Choose" [105]
Forza Italia Una scelta di campo "A Choice of Field" [159]
Civic Commitment Difendiamo la libertà "We Defend Freedom" [160]
Action – Italia Viva L'Italia, sul serio "Italy, Seriously" [161]
Brothers of Italy Pronti a risollevare l'Italia "Ready to Revive Italy" [162]
Us Moderates Noi, i moderati di centrodestra "Us, the Centre-Right Moderates" [163]
Greens and Left Alliance Facciamolo "Let's Do It" [164]
Italexit for Italy Per l'Italia che non molla mai "For the Italy that Never Gives Up" [165]
People's Union L'Italia di cui abbiamo bisogno "The Italy that We Need" [166]
More Europe Una generazione avanti "A Generation Ahead" [167]
Sovereign and Popular Italy Torniamo alla Costituzione "Let's Go Back to the Constitution" [168]
SVP–PATT Jetzt mehr denn je, Autonomie wählen[lower-alpha 1] "Now More than Ever, Choose Autonomy" [169]
  1. ↑ Italian: Ora più che mai, scegli l'autonomia

Electoral debates

Differently from many other Western world countries, electoral debates between parties' leaders are not so common before general elections in Italy;[170][171] the last debate between the two main candidates to prime ministry dated back to the 2006 Italian general election between Silvio Berlusconi and Romano Prodi.[172] With few exceptions, almost every main political leader had denied his participation to an electoral debate with other candidates,[173] preferring interviews with TV hosts and journalists,[174][175][176] while many debates took places between other leading members of the main parties.[177]

The 2022 election saw the first debates between the main leaders in 16 years. On 23 August, some prominent leaders of the centre-right (Meloni, Salvini, Tajani, and Lupi) and of the centre-left (Letta and Di Maio) were jointly interviewed by Luciano Fontana during the Rimini Meeting, organized by the Catholic movement Communion and Liberation.[178] Moreover, Fontana also interviewed the main parties' leaders at the Ambrosetti Forum on 4 September, and hosted a debate between Letta and Meloni on the website of Corriere della Sera, the newspaper of which he serves as director.[179]

2022 Italian general election debates
Date Organiser Moderator     P  Present    I  Invitee   NI  Non-invitee   A  Absent invitee 
Centre-right Centre-left M5S A–IV Italexit UP
8 August La7
(La Corsa al Voto)		 Paolo Celata
Alessandro De Angelis		 NI NI NI NI P
Paragone		 P
de Magistris
23 August Communion and Liberation
(Rimini Meeting)		 Luciano Fontana P
Meloni (FdI)
Salvini (Lega)
Tajani (FI)
Lupi (NM)		 P
Letta (PD)
Di Maio (IC)		 NI P
Rosato (IV)		 NI NI
4 September The European House – Ambrosetti
(Ambrosetti Forum)		 Luciano Fontana P
Meloni (FdI)
Salvini (Lega)
Tajani (FI)		 P
Letta (PD)		 P
Conte		 P
Calenda (A)		 NI NI
12 September Corriere.it
 Luciano Fontana P
Meloni (FdI)		 P
Letta (PD)		 NI NI NI NI

Electoral system

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See also: Politics of Italy

After the 2020 Italian constitutional referendum, the Italian electoral law of 2017 (Rosatellum), used in 2018 Italian general election,[180] was initially expected by the then Conte II Cabinet to be replaced entirely or its single-member districts (FPTP) be redesigned on the Italian territory for the next elections with 600 MPs;[181] by August 2022, the electoral reform was bogged down in the Chamber's Constitutional Affairs Commission and a proposal by M5S deputy Giuseppe Brescia had been presented to the Italian Parliament but by that time it was already dissolved for snap elections.[182] The single-member districts changes were eventually approved and published on 30 December 2020 in Gazzetta Ufficiale, the Italian government gazette;[183] the Chamber of Deputies went down from 232 to 147 districts, while the Senate was down from 116 to 74.[3]

The 400 deputies are to be elected as follows:[184]

  • 147 in single-member constituencies by plurality.
  • 245 in multi-member constituencies by national proportional representation.
  • 8 in multi-member abroad constituencies by constituency proportional representation.

The 200 elective senators are to be elected as follows:[184]

  • 74 in single-member constituencies by plurality.
  • 122 in multi-member constituencies by regional proportional representation.
  • 4 in multi-member abroad constituencies by constituency proportional representation.
File:Plico elettorale 2022 America Meridionale.jpg
Electoral package sent to an Italian voter in South America

For Italian residents, each house member is to be elected in single ballots, including the constituency candidate and their supporting party lists. In each single-member constituency, the deputy or senator is elected on a plurality basis, while the seats in multi-member constituencies are allocated nationally. In order to be calculated in single-member constituency results, parties need to obtain at least 1% of the national vote and be part of a coalition obtaining at least 10% of the national vote. In order to receive seats in multi-member constituencies, parties need to obtain at least 3% of the national vote. Elects from multi-member constituencies would come from closed lists.[185]

The voting paper, which is a single one for the FPTP and the proportional systems, shows the names of the candidates to single-member constituencies and in close conjunction with them the symbols of the linked lists for the proportional part, each one with a list of the relative candidates.[186] The voter is able to cast their vote in three different ways, among them:[187]

  • Drawing a sign on the symbol of a list. In this case, the vote extends to the candidate in the single-member constituency that is supported by that list.
  • Drawing a sign on the name of the candidate of the single-member constituency and another one on the symbol of one list that supports them; the result is the same as that described above. Under penalty of annullment, the panachage is not allowed, so the voter cannot vote simultaneously for a candidate in the FPTP constituency and for a list which is not linked to them.
  • Drawing a sign only on the name of the candidate for the FPTP constituency, without indicating any list. In this case, the vote is valid for the candidate in the single-member constituency and also automatically extended to the list that supports them; however, if that candidate is connected to several lists, the vote is divided proportionally between them, based on the votes that each one has obtained in that constituency.

Electoral lists

Lists with parliamentary representation

Below are the main electoral lists that are running in the election.[188]

Coalition List Main ideology Leader Contested
constituencies		 Seats at last election Seats before election
C S C S Total C S Total
Centre-right coalition League (Lega)[lower-alpha 1] Right-wing populism Matteo Salvini
27
18
125
58
183
131
60
191
Forza Italia (FI)[lower-alpha 2] Liberal conservatism Silvio Berlusconi
27
18
104
57
161
68
47
115
Brothers of Italy (FdI)[lower-alpha 3] National conservatism Giorgia Meloni
27
18
32
18
50
40
21
61
Us Moderates (NM)[lower-alpha 4] Liberal conservatism Maurizio Lupi
27
18
3
3
6
23
12
35
Centre-left coalition Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP)[lower-alpha 5] Social democracy Enrico Letta
28
20
120
55
175
106
43
149
Civic Commitment (IC)[lower-alpha 6] Centrism Luigi Di Maio
28
19
 N/A N/A N/A
50
11
61
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS)[lower-alpha 7] Eco-socialism Angelo Bonelli
28
19
 N/A N/A N/A
6
1
7
More Europe (+E)[lower-alpha 8] Liberalism Emma Bonino
28
18
3
1
4
1
1
2
Five Star Movement (M5S)[lower-alpha 9] Populism Giuseppe Conte
28
20
227
112
339
96
62
158
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV)[lower-alpha 10] Liberalism Carlo Calenda
28
20
 N/A N/A N/A
46
19
65
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT (SVP–PATT)[lower-alpha 11] Autonomism Philipp Achammer
1
1
4
3
7
3
3
6
People's Union (UP)[lower-alpha 12] Left-wing populism Luigi de Magistris
28
20
 N/A N/A N/A
4
2
6
Italexit for Italy (Italexit)[lower-alpha 13] Euroscepticism Gianluigi Paragone
26
17
 N/A N/A N/A
1
4
5
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP)[lower-alpha 14] Populism Marco Rizzo
28
19
 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2
2
Us of the Centre – Europeanists (NDC–Eu)[lower-alpha 15] Christian democracy Clemente Mastella
13
9
 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2
2
Vita (V)[lower-alpha 16] Anti-establishment Sara Cunial
20
17
 N/A N/A N/A
1
 N/A
1
  1. ↑ Including Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az), Fassa Association (AF), and Italian Liberal Right (DLI)
  2. ↑ Including New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI), Italian Liberal Party (PLI), and Animalist Movement (MA).
  3. ↑ Including also Green is Popular, Human Value Party,[189] and Diventerà Bellissima
  4. ↑ List composed of Us with Italy (NcI), Italy in the Centre (IaC), Coraggio Italia (CI), and Union of the Centre (UdC), also including Party of Europeans and Liberals (PEL)
  5. ↑ Electoral list of the Democratic Party also including Article One (Art.1), Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Solidary Democracy (DemoS),Centrists for Europe (CpE), European Republicans Movement (MRE), Italian Base (BASE), Volt Italia (Volt), Green Italia (GI), èViva, Ambiente 2050, and other local lists
  6. ↑ List composed of Together for the Future (IpF), Democratic Centre (CD), and Innovative Democratic Socialist Proposal (PSDI).
  7. ↑ List composed of Italian Left (SI) and Green Europe (EV), also including Possible (Pos), Greens of South Tyrol (Grüne), and Sardinian Progressives (PS)
  8. ↑ Including Forza Europa (FE) and Team K (TK)
  9. ↑ Including Gay Party (PG) and Fatherland and Constitution (PeC).
  10. ↑ Including Good Right (BD), Italian Republican Party (PRI), Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy (ALI), Social Democrats (SD), Sicilian Socialist Party (PSS), Together (I), Popular Puglia (PP), and Christian Democracy (DC)
  11. ↑ Including Trentino Project (PT)
  12. ↑ List composed of Democracy and Autonomy (DemA), Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), Power to the People (PaP), ManifestA (M), Socialist Rebirth (RS) and Party of the South (PdS).
  13. ↑ Including members of CasaPound (CP) and Vox Italia (VI)
  14. ↑ List composed of Communist Party (PC), Civil Action (AC), Reconquer Italy (RI), Italy Again (AI), Italy United (IU) and Socialist Homeland (PS).
  15. ↑ Including Christian Democracy (DC) and New Horizons for Italy (NOI)
  16. ↑ List composed of R2020, 3V Movement (M3V), Sentinels of the Constitution (SdC), Stop 5G Italian Alliance (S5GIA), Popular Union for free Italy (UPIL), and ENZIAN-Südtirol

Lists without parliamentary representation

List Main ideology Leader Contested
constituencies
C S
Alternative for Italy (APLI)[lower-alpha 1] Right-wing populism Mario Adinolfi
7
10
Italian Communist Party (PCI) Communism Mauro Alboresi
6
8
South calls North (ScN) Regionalism Cateno De Luca
5
3
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10 Times Better (PAI–UCDL–10VM) Environmentalism Cristiano Ceriello
3
2
Force of the People (FdP) Anti-vaccination Lillo Massimiliano Musso
1
1
Die Freiheitlichen (dF) Separatism Otto Mahlknecht N/A
1
For the Autonomy (PA) Autonomism Augusto Rollandin N/A
1
Free (F) Populism Marco Lusetti
1
 N/A
Party of Creative Madness (PFC) Political satire Giuseppe Cirillo
1
 N/A
Team K (TK) Regionalism Paul Köllensperger N/A
1
United Right – Royal Italy (DU–IR) National conservatism Massimiliano Panero N/A
1
Valdostan Renaissance (LRV) Regionalism Giovanni Girardini
1
 N/A
Workers' Communist Party (PCL) Trotskyism Marco Ferrando N/A
1
  1. ↑ Including The People of Family (PdF) and Exit (E)

Lists running only in overseas constituencies

List Main ideology Leader Contested
constituencies		 Seats at last election Seats before election
C S C S Total C S Total
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE) Interests of Italians abroad Ricardo Merlo
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
4
South American Union of Italian Emigrants (USEI) Interests of Italians in South America Eugenio Sangregorio
1
1
1
1
2
1
 N/A
1
Italy of the South (IdM) Interests of Italians in South America Vincenzo Castellano
1
1
 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Movement of Freedoms (MdL) Interests of Italians in Europe Massimo Romagnoli
1
1
 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Opinion polls

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Main article: Opinion polling for the 2022 Italian general election
Local regression trend line of poll results from 4 March 2018 to the present day, with each line corresponding to the 2022 general election party lists
Local regression trend line of poll results from 4 March 2018 to the present day, with each line corresponding to the 2022 general election party lists

Voter turnout

File:Elezioni 2022 Casalecchio di Reno.jpg
Queue in front of a polling station in Casalecchio di Reno, Emilia-Romagna

Voter turnout was the lowest in the history of republican Italy at 63.9% (about 10 percentage points below the 2018 election).[5][190]

Region Time
12:00 19:00 23:00
Abruzzo 17.16% 51.38% 63.99%
Aosta Valley 19.92% 48.76% 60.59%
Apulia 16.80% 42.57% 56.56%
Basilicata 13.86% 41.27% 58.77%
Calabria 12.84% 36.91% 50.80%
Campania 12.44% 38.70% 53.27%
Emilia-Romagna 23.46% 59.74% 71.97%
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 21.68% 56.20% 66.21%
Lazio 20.83% 53.42% 64.34%
Liguria 21.89% 53.44% 64.19%
Lombardy 22.42% 58.34% 70.09%
Marche 20.15% 55.69% 68.39%
Molise 13.00% 44.04% 56.54%
Piedmont 20.47% 53.60% 66.35%
Sardinia 15.58% 40.96% 53.17%
Sicily 14.77% 41.89% 57.34%
Tuscany 22.31% 58.06% 69.75%
Trentino-Alto Adige 18.93% 52.54% 66.04%
Umbria 20.09% 56.07% 68.83%
Veneto 22.13% 57.57% 70.17%
Total 19.21% 51.14% 63.91%
Source: Ministry of the Interior (updated as of 13:03)

Results

Exit polls

After the polls closed at 23:00 CEST, multiple Italian broadcasters published exit polls that projected the centre-right coalition would win a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic.[6][7][8]

Chamber of Deputies

Overall results

← Summary of the 25 September 2022 Chamber of Deputies election results
Coalition Party Proportional First-past-the-post Overseas Total
seats		 +/−
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition Brothers of Italy (FdI) 2
League (Lega)
Forza Italia (FI)
Us Moderates (NM)
Total seats
Centre-left coalition Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 3
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) New
More Europe (+E)
Civic Commitment (IC) New
Aosta Valley (VdA) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A 1 +1
Total seats
Five Star Movement (M5S) 1
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) New
South calls North (ScN) New
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT (SVP–PATT)
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE) 1 −1
Total 400 –230
Popular vote (party)
FdI
  
 26.01%
PD
  
 19.06%
M5S
  
 15.47%
Lega
  
 8.78%
FI
  
 8.12%
A–IV
  
 7.78%
AVS
  
 3.63%
+E
  
 2.83%
Italexit
  
 1.90%
UP
  
 1.43%
ISP
  
 1.24%
NM
  
 0.91%
ScN
  
 0.75%
V
  
 0.72%
IC
  
 0.62%
Popular vote (coalition)
CDX
  
 43.82%
CSX
  
 26.12%
M5S
  
 15.42%
A–IV
  
 7.78%

Proportional and FPTP results

Proportional
Party Votes % Seats
Brothers of Italy (FdI) 26.01
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 19.06
Five Star Movement (M5S) 15.42
League (Lega) 8.78
Forza Italia (FI) 8.12
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 7.78
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) 3.63
More Europe (+E) 2.83 –
Italexit for Italy (Italexit) 1.90 –
People's Union (UP) 1.43 –
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 1.24 –
Us Moderates (NM) 0.91 –
South calls North (ScN) 0.75 –
Vita (V) 0.72 –
Civic Commitment (IC) 0.60 –
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT (SVP–PATT) 0.42 –
Us of the Centre – Europeanists (NDC–Eu) 0.16 –
Italian Communist Party (PCI) 0.09 –
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10VM (PAI–UCDL–10VM) 0.08 –
Alternative for Italy (APLI) 0.06 –
Party of Creative Madness (PFC) 0.00 –
Free (F) 0.00 –
Force of the People (FdP) 0.00 –
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes –
Total turnout –
Registered voters – –
Source: Ministry of the Interior
First-past-the-post
Party or coalition Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (CDX) 116
Centre-left coalition (CSX) 11
Five Star Movement (M5S) 10
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 0
South calls North (ScN) 1
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT (SVP–PATT) 2
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes –
Total turnout –
Registered voters – –
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Aosta Valley

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Main article: 2022 Italian general election in Aosta Valley

The autonomous region of Aosta Valley, in northwestern Italy, elects one member to the Chamber of Deputies through a direct first-past-the-post election. Some parties that formed electoral coalitions in Italy, might have opted to run against one another (or form different coalitions) in this particular region. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Senate of the Republic

Overall results

← Summary of the 25 September 2022 Senate of the Republic election results
Coalition Party Proportional First-past-the-post Overseas Total
seats		 +/−
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition Brothers of Italy (FdI)
League (Lega)
Forza Italia (FI)
Us Moderates (NM)
Total seats
Centre-left coalition Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 1
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) New
More Europe (+E)
Total seats
Five Star Movement (M5S)
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) New
South calls North (ScN) New
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT (SVP–PATT)
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE) 1 ±0
Total 200 −115

Proportional and FPTP results

Proportional
Party Votes % Seats
Brothers of Italy (FdI) 26.03
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 18.96
Five Star Movement (M5S) 15.54
League (Lega) 8.86
Forza Italia (FI) 8.28
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 7.73
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) 3.53
More Europe (+E) 2.94 –
Italexit for Italy (Italexit) 1.87 –
People's Union (UP) 1.35 –
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 1.12 –
South calls North (ScN) 0.98 –
Us Moderates (NM) 0.89 –
Vita (V) 0.71 –
Civic Commitment (IC) 0.56 –
Italian Communist Party (PCI) 0.26 –
Us of the Centre – Europeanists (NDC–Eu) 0.15 –
Alternative for Italy (APLI) 0.15 –
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10VM (PAI–UCDL–10VM) 0.06 –
Workers' Communist Party (PCL) 0.02 –
United Right – Royal Italy (DU–IR) 0.01 –
Force of the People (FdP) 0.01 –
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes –
Total turnout –
Registered voters – –
Source: Ministry of the Interior
First-past-the-post
Party or coalition Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (CDX) 49
Centre-left coalition (CSX) 5
Five Star Movement (M5S) 5
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 0
South calls North (ScN) 1
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes –
Total turnout –
Registered voters – –
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Aosta Valley

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Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

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Aftermath

In a record-low voter turnout election,[5] exit polls projected that the centre-right coalition would win a majority of seats.[6][7][8] Giorgia Meloni was projected to be the winner of the election with her party (Brothers of Italy) receiving a plurality of seats,[191][192] and per a pre-election agreement within the centre-right coalition, which held that the largest party in the coalition would nominate the next Prime Minister of Italy, she is the frontrunner.[193] She would be the country's first female Prime Minister and the first far-right head of government of a major eurozone country, and the most right-wing government since World War II.[194] The Democratic Party, the head of the centre-left coalition, conceded defeat shortly after the exit polls,[195] while Mateusz Morawiecki, Prime Minister of Poland, Marine Le Pen, former leader of National Rally, congratulated Meloni and Ilias Kasidiaris leader of Greeks for the Fatherland.[196][197]

See also

References

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  150. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  151. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  152. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  153. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  154. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  155. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  156. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  157. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  158. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  159. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  160. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  161. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  162. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  163. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  164. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  165. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  166. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  167. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  168. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  169. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  170. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  171. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  172. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  173. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  174. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  175. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  176. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  177. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  178. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  179. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  180. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  181. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  182. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  183. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  184. ↑ 184.0 184.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  185. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  186. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  187. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  188. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  189. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  190. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  191. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  192. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  193. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  194. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  195. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  196. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  197. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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