Al-Ruways

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al-Ruways
al-Ruways is located in Mandatory Palestine
al-Ruways
al-Ruways
Arabic الرويس
Name meaning "The little hilltop", or "Headland"[1]
Also spelled al-Ruweis
Subdistrict Acre
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Palestine grid 167/252
Population 330 (1945)
Area 1,163[2] dunams
1.2 km²
Date of depopulation July 15-16, 1948[3]
Cause(s) of depopulation Military assault by Yishuv forces

al-Ruways (Arabic: الرويس‎‎) was a Palestinian Arab village of 330 on a rocky hill located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) southeast of Acre and south of al-Damun.[4]

History

Al-Ruways stood on the site of the Crusader town, called Careblier,[4] or Roeis.[5] In 1220 Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including ‘’Roeis’’, to the Teutonic Knights.[6] However, they appeared not to have sole ownership, as in 1253 John Aleman, Lord of Caesarea, sold several villages, including Al-Ruways, to the Hospitallers.[7] In 1266, a Crusader vanguard returning from a raid in Tiberias to Acre was ambushed by Mamluk forces based in Safad in Careblier.[8] In 1283 it was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders in the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan Qalawun.[9]

Based on tradition, the people of the village professed to have blood relations with Husam ad-Din Abu al-Hija. Hussam ad-Din was a high-ranking officer in the Ayyubid army of Saladin.[10]

Ottoman era

Victor Guérin visited in 1875, and noted that the village contained "150 people at most, whose homes are located on a hill, amid gardens filled with fig, pomegranate and olive trees, and here and there are palm trees."[11]

In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Al-Ruways as being situated on open ground with olive groves to the north of the village. Its population of 400 was entirely Muslim.[12]

British Mandate era

Under the British Mandate of Palestine in the early twentieth century, al-Ruways was one of the smallest villages in the District of Acre. In the 1922 census of Palestine Al Ruwais had a population of 154; all Muslims,[13] increasing in the 1931 census to 217, still all Muslims, in a total of 44 houses.[14] and consisting of two quarters.

The village had a mosque, its children attended school in nearby al-Damun. The villagers drinking water came from domestic wells, and they primarily grew wheat, corn, sesame, watermelons, and olives.[4] In 1945 the population of al-Ruways was 330, all Arabs, who owned 1,163 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[2] 222 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 844 used for cereals,[15] while 15 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[16]

1948, and aftermath

On July 18, 1948, two days after Nazareth was occupied by Israel's Seventh Brigade in Operation Dekel, some units advanced into the Western Galilee and captured a number of Arab villages, one of which was al-Ruways. The inhabitants fled after bombardment and the fall of major neighboring towns (Shefa-'Amr and Nazareth).[17][18] According to Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, "the site is deserted. The debris of old wells and cement roofs is strewn of over the site, which is otherwise covered by a forest of eucalyptus trees and cactus."[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 115
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41
  3. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #91. Also gives the cause of depopulation.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Khalidi, 1992, p.28.
  5. ↑ Frankel, 1988, p. 264
  6. ↑ Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 248, No. 934; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264
  7. ↑ Delaville Le Roulx, 1883, p. 184; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1888, pp. 309 -310; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 319, No. 1210
  8. ↑ Bronstein, 2005, p. 46
  9. ↑ From al-Qalqashandi´s version of the hudna, referred in Barag, 1979, p. 207
  10. ↑ Benvenisti, 2000, p. 195
  11. ↑ Guérin, 1880, p. 431
  12. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 271. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 28
  13. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 37
  14. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 102
  15. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 81
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 131
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Khalidi, 1992, p.29.
  18. ↑ Morris, 2004, pp.421-423.

Bibliography

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External links

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