Bhadarwahi
Bhadarwahi | |
---|---|
𑚡𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚦𑚭𑚩𑚯 भद्रवाही بھَدَرْواہِی | |
200px
Bhadarwahi written in Takri, Devanagari and Urdu scripts
|
|
Native to | Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh |
Region | Bhaderwah, Doda district |
Ethnicity | Bhaderwahis |
Native speakers
|
120,000 (2011)e22 |
Indo-European
|
|
Dialects |
Bhadrawahi proper
Khasali dialect
|
Devanagari, Takri, Nastaliq | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bhd |
Glottolog | bhad1241 [1] |
Bhadarwahi is an Indo-Aryan language of the Western Pahari group spoken in the Bhadarwah region of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
The name Bhadarwahi can be understood either in a narrow sense as referring to the dialect, locally known as Bhiḍlāi, native to the Bhadarwah valley, or in a broader sense to cover the group of related dialects spoken in the wider region where Bhadarwahi proper is used as a lingua franca. In addition to Bhadarwahi proper, this group also includes Padri, Bhalesi, and Khasali (Khashali) dialect.[2] The Churahi language is closely related.
The name of the language is spelt in the Takri as 𑚡𑚛𑚤𑚦𑚭𑚩𑚯. Variants include Bhaderwahi (𑚡𑚛𑚲𑚤𑚦𑚭𑚩𑚯),[3] Baderwali (𑚠𑚛𑚲𑚤𑚦𑚭𑚥𑚯), Bhadri (𑚡𑚛𑚤𑚯), Badrohi (𑚠𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚴𑚩𑚯), Bhadlayi (𑚡𑚛𑚥𑚭𑚣𑚯), and Bhadlai (𑚡𑚛𑚥𑚭𑚃).
Contents
Phonology
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | |||||
Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | t͡ʃ | k | |||
aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | ||||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | d͡ʒ | ɡ | ||||
breathy | bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | d͡ʒʱ | ɡʱ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | ç çʰ | h | ||||
voiced | z zʱ | ||||||||
Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
Trill | r | ||||||||
Flap or Tap | ɽ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | iː | uː | |
Lower High | i | u | |
Mid | e eː | oː | |
Lower Mid | ə | o | |
Low | ɑː |
Status
The language is commonly called Pahari.[citation needed] Some speaker may even call it a dialect of Dogri.[5] The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Bhadravahi parents are not teaching this language to the children with which the number of its native speakers is decreasing. Some other languages, such as Kashmiri and Urdu/Hindi are taking this place. This is an archetypical natural human tendency of picking up the language of people placed better economically and socially. [6]
Notable events
A daily news headlines program is broadcast by a Doda-based News Media outlet The Chenab Times in Sarazi and Bhaderwahi languages to promote them.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. The classification there includes Rodhari as a separate node, but elsewhere (pp.123–24), it is subsumed under Khasali.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 *Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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