Boophone

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Boophone
File:Boophone disticha.jpg
Inflorescence of Boophone disticha
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Boophone
Herb.[1]
Species

See text
Synonyms
File:Boophone disticha02.jpg
Boophone disticha flowerhead with caterpillars of the Noctuid moth Diaphone eumela

Boophone is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[2]) It consists of two species distributed in tropical and southern Africa. It is closely related to Crossyne, a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.[3]

Taxonomy

Boophone is the single genus in subtribe Boophoninae, in the Amaryllideae tribe.

Phylogeny

Boophoninaeare placed within Amaryllideae as follow:

These are phylogenetically related as follows:

Tribe Amaryllideae

Subtribe Amaryllidinae



Subtribe Boophoninae



Subtribe Strumariinae


Subtribe Crininae




Subdivision

The list of Boophone species, with their complete scientific name, authority, and geographic distribution is given below.[4]

Etymology

William Herbert wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001[7] to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.[8]

Associated insects

Larvae of the moth genera Brithys and Diaphone use Boophone as a food plant.

Traditional medicine

Boophone disticha is used in South African traditional medicine by the Zulus to induce hallucinations for divinatory purposes, and also for various mental illnesses.[9] Its use, however, is limited by injuries that result from the plant's toxicity.[10]

Chemistry

A variety of alkaloids with affinity for the serotonin transporter have been isolated from Boophone alkaloids.[11][12]

References

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  1. ↑ Appendix: 18 (1821).[full citation needed]
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. World Checklist of Monocotyledons: Boophone . Accessed May 16, 2009.
  5. ↑ Herb. Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825)[full citation needed]
  6. ↑ Leighton, Frances Margaret. Journal of South African Botany 13: 59. 1947.[full citation needed]
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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