DNA codon table
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
The genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table because, when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is mRNA that directs protein synthesis. The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. With the rise of computational biology and genomics, most genes are now discovered at the DNA level, so a DNA codon table is becoming increasingly useful.[1] The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5' → 3' direction.
| nonpolar | polar | basic | acidic | (stop codon) |
| 1st base |
2nd base | 3rd base |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | A | G | ||||||
| T | TTT | (Phe/F) Phenylalanine | TCT | (Ser/S) Serine | TAT | (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine | TGT | (Cys/C) Cysteine | T |
| TTC | TCC | TAC | TGC | C | |||||
| TTA | (Leu/L) Leucine | TCA | TAA | Stop (Ochre) | TGA | Stop (Opal) | A | ||
| TTG | TCG | TAG | Stop (Amber) | TGG | (Trp/W) Tryptophan | G | |||
| C | CTT | CCT | (Pro/P) Proline | CAT | (His/H) Histidine | CGT | (Arg/R) Arginine | T | |
| CTC | CCC | CAC | CGC | C | |||||
| CTA | CCA | CAA | (Gln/Q) Glutamine | CGA | A | ||||
| CTG | CCG | CAG | CGG | G | |||||
| A | ATT | (Ile/I) Isoleucine | ACT | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAT | (Asn/N) Asparagine | AGT | (Ser/S) Serine | T |
| ATC | ACC | AAC | AGC | C | |||||
| ATA | ACA | AAA | (Lys/K) Lysine | AGA | (Arg/R) Arginine | A | |||
| ATG[A] | (Met/M) Methionine | ACG | AAG | AGG | G | ||||
| G | GTT | (Val/V) Valine | GCT | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAT | (Asp/D) Aspartic acid | GGT | (Gly/G) Glycine | T |
| GTC | GCC | GAC | GGC | C | |||||
| GTA | GCA | GAA | (Glu/E) Glutamic acid | GGA | A | ||||
| GTG | GCG | GAG | GGG | G | |||||
- A The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in an mRNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins.[2]
| Amino acid | Codons | Compressed | Amino acid | Codons | Compressed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ala/A | GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG | GCN | Leu/L | TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG | YTR, CTN | |
| Arg/R | CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG | CGN, MGR | Lys/K | AAA, AAG | AAR | |
| Asn/N | AAT, AAC | AAY | Met/M | ATG | ||
| Asp/D | GAT, GAC | GAY | Phe/F | TTT, TTC | TTY | |
| Cys/C | TGT, TGC | TGY | Pro/P | CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG | CCN | |
| Gln/Q | CAA, CAG | CAR | Ser/S | TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC | TCN, AGY | |
| Glu/E | GAA, GAG | GAR | Thr/T | ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG | ACN | |
| Gly/G | GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG | GGN | Trp/W | TGG | ||
| His/H | CAT, CAC | CAY | Tyr/Y | TAT, TAC | TAY | |
| Ile/I | ATT, ATC, ATA | ATH | Val/V | GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG | GTN | |
| START | ATG | STOP | TAA, TGA, TAG | TAR, TRA | ||
