List of endemic species of Taiwan
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The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.
Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.
Category | Total species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
Mammals | 70 | 45 | 64% |
Birds | 450 | 84 | 19% |
Reptiles | 85 | 27 | 32% |
Amphibians | 37 | 17 | 46% |
Freshwater fishes | 220 | 36 | 16% |
Butterflies | 400 | 50 | 13% |
Total | 1,257 | 252 | 20% |
Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]
Category | Total (native) species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
Pteridophytes | 629 | 72 | 11% |
Gymnosperms | 28 | 18 | 64% |
Dicotyledons | 2,410 | 750 | 31% |
Monocotyledons | 1,010 | 227 | 23% |
Total | 4,077 | 1,067 | 26% |
Contents
Endemic mammals
- Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
- Formosan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
- Order Insectivora (shrews)
- Formosan shrew – Soriculus fumidus Thomas
- Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
- Koshun shrew – Soriculus sodalis Thomas
- Order Rodentia (rodents)
- Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
- Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
- Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
- Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
- Order Primate (primates)
- Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
- Order Chiroptera (bats)
- Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
- Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
- Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
- Yellow-necked bat – Arielulus torquatus Gabor & Lee
- Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Myotis latirostris Kishida
- Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
- Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen
Endemic birds
File:Myophonus insularis.jpg
Taiwan whistling thrush
File:Mikado Pheasant 398.jpg
Mikado pheasant
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17 endemic bird species and another 60 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 569 bird species). The seventeen endemic speacies make up about 3% of all birds living in Taiwan.
- Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)
- Yellow tit – Parus holsti Seebohm
- White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
- Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
- Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
- Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
- Taiwan whistling thrush – Myiophoneus insularis Gould
- Collared bush robin – Luscinia johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
- Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
- Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus
- Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)
- Taiwan hill partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
- Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilivie-Grant)
- Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)
- Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
Endemic reptiles
- Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
- Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
- Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
- Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
- Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
- Lue's japalura – Japalura luei Ota, Chen & Shang
- Maki's japalura – Japalura makii Ota
- Swinhoe's japalura – Japalura swinhonis Gunther
- Short-legged japalura – Japalura brevipes Gressitt
- Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
- Formosan grass lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
- Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
- Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsueshanesis Lin & Cheng
- Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
- Hengchun blind snake – Typhlops koshunensis Oshima
- Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
- Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
- Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
- Maki's keelback – Amphiesma miyajimae Maki
- Swinhoe's grass snake – Phabdophis swinhonis (Gunther)
- Formosa coral snake – Hemibungarus sauteri (Steindachner)
- Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima
Endemic amphibians
- Order Anura (frogs and toads)
- Central Formosan toad – Bufo bankorensis
- Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
- Swinhoe's brown frog — Odorrana swinhoana
- Taipa frog — Rana longicrus
- Sauter's brown frog — Rana sauteri
- Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta
- Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
- Farmland green treefrog – Rhacophorus arvalis
- Orange-belly treefrog – Rhacophorus aurantiventris
- Moltrecht's green treefrog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
- Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
- Taipei green treefrog – Rhacophorus taipeianus
- Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
- Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
- Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
- Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
- Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
- Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani
Endemic freshwater fishes
- Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
- Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng et Shen
- Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
- Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen et Fang
- River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
- Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
- Rasborinus macrolepis (Regan) (extinct)
- Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
- Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
- Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
- Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu et Nalbant
- Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
- Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
- Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu et Nalbant
- Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
- Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
- Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
- Order Perciformes (perch-like fishes)
- Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma et Chen
- Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
- Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
- Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma et Chen
- Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen et Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen et Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen et Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee et Chang
- Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen) (extinct)
- Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller et Fang
- Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
- Formosan trooent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
- Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
- Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
- Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)
- Ariake icefish – Salanx acuticeps Regan (extinct)
- Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)
- Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan et Oshima)
See also
- List of protected species in Taiwan
- Ecology of Taiwan
- Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan
- Category:Endemic fauna of Taiwan
References
- ↑ Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.