Family 1

For car engines in Opel and Chevrolet cars, see GM Family 1 engine.

Kirsopp Lake c. 1914

Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f¹. Hermann von Soden calls the group I^h. Aland lists it as Category III in the Gospels and Category V elsewhere.

Family 1 was discovered in 1902, when Kirsopp Lake (1872–1946) published Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies (118, 131, 209), and established the existence of a new textual family. This group of manuscripts was based on four minuscules (1, 118, 131, 209), but now we consider 205, 205^abs, 872 (in Mark only), 884 (in part), 1582, 2193, and 2542 (in part) to be members of the family.

The most obvious characteristic of the Lake Group is that these manuscripts placed Pericope adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) after John 21:25. Manuscripts of this family include the Longer ending of Mark to the text, but the manuscripts 1 and 1582 contain a scholion that brings into question the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20: Εν τισι μεν των αντιγραφων εως ωδε πληρουται ο ευαγγελιστης εως ου και Ευσεβιος ο Παμφιλου εκανονισεν εν πολλοις δε και ταυτα φερεται. (In some of the copies the evangelist is completed to this point, to which point also Eusebius Pamphili made his canons. But in many these [verses] are also found.)

In Mark 6:51, the word εξίσταντο (they were astonished) was changed into εξεπλήσσοντο (they were astounded) against all other manuscripts.

B. H. Streeter, working largely on the basis of data supplied by Lake, proposed that Family 1, along with the Codex Koridethi (Θ), Family 13, the minuscules 28, 565, 700, and the Armenian and Georgian versions, were the remnants of what he labelled the Caesarean Text, differing in a number of common respects from the then established Byzantine, Western and Alexandrian text-types.

Silva Lake discovered that Minuscule 652 in Mark 4:20-6:24 represents text of the f¹.

Amy Anderson made a new reconstruction of the family tree in 2004 and showed that minuscule 1582 is a more exact representation than 1 of the text of the archetype. She identified the Family 1 manuscripts in Matthew as 1, 22, 118, 131, 205, 209, 872, 1192, 1210, 1278, 1582, 2193 and 2542.

Alison Sarah Welsby, in her 2012 doctoral thesis, identified the Family 1 manuscripts in John as 1, 22, 118, 131, 205^abs (2886), 205, 209, 565, 872, 884, 1192, 1210, 1278, 1582, 2193, 2372, and 2713.

Within the family, there are three manuscripts which may be more closely related. 209 was part of Cardinal Bessarion's collection by 1438 A.D., and may have served as the exemplar for 2866 (copied at his direction before 1468 A.D.) and 205 (copied at his direction after 1468 A.D.).

2866, before receiving its own Gregory-Aland number, was long assumed to be a direct copy of 205 and was thus named 205^abs (from Abscrift, the German word for copy). D. C. Parker thought 209 to have been the parent of 205, but Josef Schmid (1956) considered 2866 and 205 to be daughters of 209's lost sister.

Notable family readings

Matthew 1:11

τον Ιωακιμ, Ιωακιμ δε εγεννεσεν (Ioakim, and Ioakim begot) — M, U, Θ, Σ, f¹, 33, 258 478 661 954 1216 1230 1354 1604 Lectionary 54 syr^h and other mss.

Matthew 2:18

κλαυθμὸς — 1-22-582, א, B, Z, 0250, 372, ℓ 2211, it, syr, eth

θρηνος και — 131-205-209-872-1192-1210-1278-2193, C, D, L, W, f¹³, 33, 700, 892

Matthew 5:44

ευλογειτε τους καταρωμενους υμας, καλως ποιειτε τοις μισουσιν υμας (bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you)

omitted by א, B, f¹, k, sy^{rc, s}, cop^{sa, bo};

Matthew 6:5

προσεύχησθε οὐκ ἔσεσθε — 1-22-118-205-209-1278*-1582, Sinaiticus², B, Z, 372, 660, 892

προσευχη ουκ εση — 131-1192-1210-2193, 1278^c, D, L, W, Δ, Θ, f¹³, 28, 33, 565, 579, 700, 1424

Matthew 6:12

ἀφήκαμεν — 1-22-1582, א*, B, Z, 660, 1365

ἀφίεμεν — 118-131-205-209-1192-1210-1278-2193,

αφιομεν/αφιωμεν — D L W Δ Θ 157 565

Matthew 6:18

κρυφαίω (twice) — 1, 22, 1582

κρυπτω — 118, 131, 205, 209, 1192, 1210, 1278, 2193

Matthew 7:28

πάντες — 1, 22, 118, 205, 209, 1278, 1528, Δ, Θ, 697, 1278

omit — 131, 872, 1192, 1210, 2193, א, B

Matthew 8:12

εν τω Ισραηλ omitted

Matthew 8:13

παῖς — 1, 22, 118, 205, 209, 1210*, 1582, א, B, 0250, 0281, 33

παῖς αὐτοῦ — 131, 872, 1192, 1210, 2193, 1210^c, C, L, W, Δ, Θ, f¹³, 157, 565, 579, 700, 1424

Matthew 8:13b

It has additional text (see Luke 7:10): και υποστρεψας ο εκατονταρχος εις τον οικον αυτου εν αυτη τη ωρα ευρεν τον παιδα υγιαινοντα (and when the centurion returned to the house in that hour, he found the slave well) as well as codices א, C, (N), Θ, (0250), (33, 1241), g¹, syr^h.

Matthew 9:30

ενεβριμηθη — 1, 22, 118, 205, 209, 1582, א, B, 660, 892

ενεβριμησατο — 131, 872, 1192, 1210, 1278, 2193

Matthew 10:12

It reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω for αυτην. The reading is supported by manuscripts: Sinaiticus*^,2, Bezae, Regius, Washingtonianus, Koridethi, 1010, (1424), it vg^cl.

Matthew 19:16

διδασκαλε (teacher) — א, B, D, L, f¹, 892^txt, 1010, 1365, ℓ 5, it^{a, d, e, ff1}, cop^bo, eth, geo, Origen, Hilary;

διδασκαλε αγαθε (good teacher) — C, K, W, Δ, Θ, f¹³, 28, 33, 565, 700, 892^mg, 1009, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz, Lect, it, vg, syr, copsa, arm, eth, Diatessaron.

Matthew 20:23

και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with)

omitted — Sinaiticus, B, D, L, Z, Θ, 085, f¹, f¹³, it, syrs, c, cop^sa.

Matthew 25:41

ο ητοιμασεν ο πατηρ μου τω διαβολω (witch prepared my Father for the devil) — together Codex Bezae

το ητοιμασμενον τω διαβολω (prepared for the devil) as have majority of the manuscripts.

Matthew 27:35

τα ιματια μου εαυτοις, και επι τον ιματισμον μου εβαλον κληρον — Δ, Θ, 0250, f¹³, 537, 1424.

Mark 4:37

ωστε αυτο ηδη βυθιζεσθαι — f¹

ωστε ηδη γεμιζεσθαι το πλοιον — majority of mss

Mark 10:40

ητοιμασται υπο του πατρος μου — א*^{, b}, (Θ παρα), f¹ 1071 1241 (ℓ 60 ητοιμασται παρα του πατρος) it^a, it^r1 Diatessaron

ητοιμασται — majority of mss

Mark 11:1

Βηθσφαγη — B², Γ, f¹, 1241

Βηθφαγη — majority of mss

Mark 11:10

ευλογημενη η βασιλεια του πατρος ημων Δαβιδ Ωσαννα εν τοις υψιστοις ειρηνη εν ουρανω και δοξα εν υψιστοις — Θ, 1-131-209

η ερχομενη βασιλεια εν ονοματι Κυριου ευλογημενη η βασιλεια του πατρος ημων Δαβιδ Ωσαννα εν τοις υψιστοις — 118

Luke 11:4

αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (but deliver us from evil) omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: Sinaiticus, B, L, f¹ 700 vg syr^s cop^{sa, bo}, arm geo.

John 14:14

the entire verse is omitted along with the manuscripts: X 565 1009 1365 ℓ 76 ℓ 253 b vg^mss syr^{s, pal} arm geo Diatessaron.

Claremont group profile

According to the Wisse the group profiles of the Lake's Family in Luke 1, 10, and 20 are:

Luke 1: 9, 11, 17, 20, (22), 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, (34), 36, 37, 40, 43, (47), 48, 50, 51, 53.

Luke 10: 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 20, 22, (23), 27, (29), 34, 37, 40, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62.

Luke 20: 1, 5, 6, (7), 10, 11, 14, 19, 20, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 41, 44, 45, 48, 51, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 75, 76.

Relationship to the Textus Receptus

A comparison of the texts of the four Lake's manuscripts with the text of Stephanus shows that in the sections comprising Matthew 1-10; Matthew 22 - Mark 14; Luke 4-23; John 1-13; 18 there are in codex 1 2243 variants from the Textus Receptus, 1731 of these are found in codices 118, 209, and 214 more in 209, though not in 118. Similarly for the sections comprising Mark 1-5 and Luke 1-24 there are in codex 1 1188 variants from the text of Stephanus, 804 of these are found in 131, which elsewhere agrees very closely with the text of Stephanus. Lake did not enumarate itacistic differences.

See also

• Family 13
• Caesarean text-type
• Categories of New Testament manuscripts

Bibliography

• Kirsopp Lake, Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies, Texts and Studies, volume vii, Cambridge, 1902. (collates 1 with 118, 131, and 209).
• Hermann von Soden, Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1913.
• B. H. Streeter, The four Gospels a Study of Origins the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Autorship, & Dates, Oxford 1924, pp. 77–107.
• Amy S. Anderson, The textual tradition of the Gospels: Family 1 in Matthew, Leiden; Brill, 2004.

External links

• Family 1 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism