Hayrack

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

This article is about a drying rack. For the animal feeding device, see Hay rack. For a hayrack ride, usually called a hayride, see Hayride.
File:Simončičev kozolec, Bistrica (2007).jpg
The Simončič Hayrack: a roofed double hayrack in Bistrica

A hayrack (Slovene: kozolec) is a freestanding vertical drying rack found chiefly in Slovenia. Hayracks are permanent structures, primarily made of wood, upon which fodder for animals is dried, although their use is not limited to drying hay.[1] Other food stuffs such as field maize are dried on them as well. Although it is a practical structure, a hayrack is often artistically designed and handcrafted and is thought by Slovenes to form a distinctive form of vernacular architecture that marks Slovene identity.[1]

Distribution

The hayrack can be found throughout Slovenia except in the Prekmurje region, eastern Styria and the Slovenian Littoral. About 80% of all hayracks can be found in Slovenia.[citation needed] Similar structures can also be found in Friuli in Italy[2] and in the East Tyrol region of Austria. In German, it is called Harpfe or Köse.[3]

Names and typology

Slovenian names for the hayrack include kozolec and kazuc (colloquial, usually referring to a single straight-line hayrack), stog (commonly found in Upper Carniola and especially in the area around Studor in the Bohinj region), and toplar.[1] Both kozolec and kozuc are probably diminutive forms of kozel 'goat', referring to a branching structure used for holding and drying hay or grain (cf. the similarly motivated German Sägebock and English sawbuck).[4] The word stog also refers to a haystack and is derived from Common Slavic stogъ 'stack, heap'.[4] The word toplar (or doplar) is borrowed from Austrian German Doppler, referring to a double structure in general.[4]

Specific varieties of hayrack include:

  • Single straight-line hayrack (enojni stegnjeni kozolec)[5]
  • Single straight-line hayrack with catslide roof (stegnjeni kozolec s plaščem)[5]
  • Double straight-line hayrack (dvojni stegnjeni kozolec)[5]
  • Roofed double hayrack (dvojni vezani kozolec)[5]
  • Roofed double hayrack with one strut (dvojni vezani kozolec v eno drevo)[5]
  • Roofed double hayrack with two struts (dvojni vezani kozolec v dve drevesi, toplar)[5]
  • Roofed double hayrack with extension (toplar z repom)[6]
  • Roofed double hayrack with shed (kozolec s hišo)[6]
  • Split-level double hayrack (kozolec na kozla, kozolec na psa)[5]

  • Single straight-line hayrack

  • Single straight-line hayrack with catslide roof

  • Double straight-line hayrack

  • Roofed double hayracks

  • Roofed double hayrack with two struts

  • Roofed double hayrack with extension

  • Roofed double hayrack with shed

  • Split-level double hayrack

Open-air museum

From 2010 until 2013, the Municipality of Šentrupert in southeastern Slovenia built the first ever open-air museum "Land of Hayracks" (slovene: Dežela kozolcev) in the southern part of Šentrupert, its administrative centre. The collection includes 19 hay drying devices, which includes 17 hayracks, with the oldest from 1795, and presents all types of hayracks. The museum also serves as a venue for events.[7] The main organiser of the project was Rupert Gole, the mayor of Šentrupert. Over 650 hayracks have been counted in the Mirna Valley, where the settlement lies. The largest of them and in the entire country is the Simončič Hayrack.[8]

Gallery

  • A Valvasor copperplate engraving depicts filling a hayrack with hay

  • Toplar Hipped Roof.jpg

    A hipped-roof double hayrack from near Lake Cerknica

  • An abandoned single straight-line hayrack just outside Olševek in winter

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Renzo Rucli, KOZOLEC monumento dell'architettura rurale. Cooperativa Lipa editrice, 1998
  3. ↑ Neusser-Hromatka, Maria. "Colourful Austria." Innsbruck: Pinguin-Verlag, 1977.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Snoj, Marko. 2003. Slovenski etimološki slovar. Ljubljana: Modrijan.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

  • Marjan Mušič, Arhitektura slovenskega kozolca. Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana, 1970.
  • Borut Juvanec, Kozolci: Kratka revizija. Univerza v Ljubljani, 2000.

External links

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Hayrack&oldid=4206287"