Icosian game

The solution to the game, shown as a red line that visits every vertex of a dodecahedron. This forms a Hamiltonian cycle.

The icosian game is a mathematical game invented in 1857 by William Rowan Hamilton. The game's object is finding a Hamiltonian cycle along the edges of a dodecahedron such that every vertex is visited a single time, and the ending point is the same as the starting point. The puzzle was distributed commercially as a pegboard with holes at the nodes of the dodecahedral graph and was subsequently marketed in Europe in many forms.

The motivation for Hamilton was the problem of symmetries of an icosahedron, for which he invented icosians—an algebraic tool to compute the symmetries. The solution of the puzzle is a cycle containing twenty (in ancient Greek icosa) edges (i.e. a Hamiltonian circuit on the dodecahedron).

See also

• Dual polyhedron
• Seven Bridges of Königsberg

External links

• Weisstein, Eric W., "Icosian game", MathWorld.
• Puzzle Museum article with pictures
• Icosian game for Android