Illegal mining
Illegal mining is mining activity without state permission, in particular in absence of land rights, mining license, exploration or mineral transportation permit.[1] Illegal natural resource extraction becomes pressing when global mineral prices are soaring.[2]
Illegal mining can be a subsistence activity, as is the case with artisanal mining, or it can belong to large-scale organized crime,spearheaded by illegal mining syndicates.[3] Despite strategic developments towards "responsible mining", even big companies can be involved in (partially) illegal mineral digging and extraction, if only on the financing side.[4]
Contents
America
Illegal gold mining in Latin America is a particular concern because of the enormous rate of deforestation and environmental degradation (through mercury and other chemicals that are routinely used in gold mining) that accompanies it.[2]
Africa
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India
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Ukraine
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See also
References
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