James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury
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The Most Honourable The Marquess of Salisbury KG GCVO CB PC |
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Leader of the House of Lords | |
In office 27 April 1925 – 4 June 1929 |
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Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin |
Preceded by | The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston |
Succeeded by | The Lord Parmoor |
Lord Privy Seal | |
In office 6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929 |
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Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin |
Preceded by | John Robert Clynes |
Succeeded by | James Henry Thomas |
In office 17 October 1903 – 4 December 1905 |
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Monarch | Edward VII |
Prime Minister | The Marquess of Salisbury Arthur Balfour |
Preceded by | Arthur Balfour |
Succeeded by | The Marquess of Ripon |
Lord President of the Council | |
In office 24 October 1922 – 22 January 1924 |
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Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | Andrew Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin |
Preceded by | Arthur Balfour |
Succeeded by | The Lord Parmoor |
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | |
In office 24 October 1922 – 25 May 1923 |
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Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | Andrew Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin |
Preceded by | Sir William Sutherland |
Succeeded by | J. C. C. Davidson |
Personal details | |
Born | London, United Kingdom |
23 October 1861
Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. London, United Kingdom |
Nationality | British |
Political party | Conservative |
Spouse(s) | Lady Cicely Gore (1867–1955) |
Alma mater | University College, Oxford |
James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury KG GCVO CB PC (23 October 1861 – 4 April 1947), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1868 to 1903, was a British statesman.
Contents
Background and education
Born in London, Salisbury was the eldest son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who served as British Prime Minister, by his wife Georgina (née Alderson). The Right Reverend Lord William Cecil, Lord Cecil of Chelwood and Lord Quickswood were his younger brothers and Prime Minister Arthur Balfour his first cousin. He was educated at Eton and University College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1885.
Political career
Lord Salisbury sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Darwen then called North-East Lancashire from 1885 to 1892. He lost his seat at the General Election. In a by-election in 1893, he was elected for Rochester where he was the MP until 1903, when he succeeded his father and was elevated to the House of Lords. During the Boer War, he was Colonel commanding 4th battalion Bedfordshire Regiment, and Colonel of Hertfordshire Volunteer Regiment and 4th battalion Essex Regiment of Boer War in 1900. Lord Salisbury was ADC to Edward VII, and George V until 1929.
He served under his father and then his cousin Arthur Balfour as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1900 to 1903, under Balfour as Lord Privy Seal from 1903 to 1905, and as Lord President of the Board of Trade in 1905. In 1903 he was sworn of the Privy Council. In December 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Hertfordshire.[1]And from 1906, followed his uncle, as Chairman of the Canterbury House of Laymen.
Salisbury played a leading role in opposing David Lloyd George's People's Budget and the Parliament Bill of 1911. In 1917 he was made a Knight of the Garter. He returned to the government in the 1920s and served under Andrew Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1922 to 1923, as Lord President of the Council from 1922 to 1924, as Lord Privy Seal from 1924 to 1929 and as Leader of the House of Lords from 1925 to 1929 in successive Conservative governments of Bonar Law and Baldwin. He resigned as leader of the Conservative peers in June 1931 and became one of the most prominent opponents of Indian Home Rule in the Lords, supporting the campaign against the legislation waged in the House of Commons by Winston Churchill.
Lord Salisbury was a committed and eager member of the Territorial Army. Honorary Colonel of 86th East Anglians, and the Hertfordshire Yeomanry Brigade. He was also Honorary Colonel of Royal Field Artillery in the Territorial Detachment and the 48th South Midland Division Royal Engineers (TA).
Salisbury was part of two parliamentary deputations which called on the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, in the autumn of 1936 to remonstrate with them about the slow pace of British rearmament in the face of the growing threat from Nazi Germany. The delegation was led by Sir Austen Chamberlain, a former Foreign Secretary and its most prominent speakers included Winston Churchill, Leo Amery and Roger Keyes. The Marquess of Salisbury was Lord High Steward at the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937.[2]
Styles of address
- 1861-1865: The Hon James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil
- 1865-1868: Baron Cecil
- 1868-1885: Viscount Cranborne
- 1885-1892: Viscount Cranborne MP
- 1892-1893: Viscount Cranborne
- 1893-1900: Viscount Cranborne MP
- 1900-1903: Viscount Cranborne CB MP
- 1903: The Most Hon The Fourth Marquess of Salisbury CB
- 1903-1908: The Most Hon The Fourth Marquess of Salisbury CB PC
- 1908-1909: The Most Hon The Fourth Marquess of Salisbury CB PC DL
- 1909-1917: The Most Hon The Fourth Marquess of Salisbury GCVO CB PC DL
- 1917-1947: The Most Hon The Fourth Marquess of Salisbury KG GCVO CB PC DL
Family
Lord Salisbury married Lady Cicely Gore (15 July 1867 5 February 1955), second daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran, on 17 May 1887. She was appointed a JP for Hertfordshire. In 1907, she was made a Lady Bedchamber to Queen Alexandra, an Officer of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. They had four children:
- Lady Beatrice Edith Mildred (1891–1980). She married William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech.
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury (1893–1972)
- Lady Mary Alice (1895–1988)
- Lord (Edward Christian) David (1902–1986)
Lord Salisbury died in April 1947, aged 85, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Robert. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in February 1955.[3]
He was the grandfather of actor Jonathan Cecil, via his youngest son, David.
References
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28211. p. 33. 1 January 1909.
- ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 34453. p. 7051. 10 November 1937. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ Burke's Peerage & Baronetage (106th ed.) (Salisbury)
External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Salisbury
- Portraits of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Archival material relating to James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury listed at the UK National Archives
- EngvarB from May 2015
- Use dmy dates from May 2015
- Accuracy disputes from February 2012
- Articles lacking reliable references from February 2012
- Wikipedia articles incorporating an LRPP template without an unnamed parameter
- 1861 births
- 1947 deaths
- Marquesses in the Peerage of Great Britain
- Marquesses of Salisbury
- Cecil family
- Alumni of University College, Oxford
- Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
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- People educated at Eton College
- Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
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