James Knox

For other people named James Knox, see James Knox (disambiguation).

His Eminence James Knox
President of the Pontifical Council for the Family
Installed	4 August 1981
Term ended	26 June 1983
Predecessor	Opilio Rossi
Successor	Edouard Gagnon
Other posts	5th Archbishop of Melbourne (1967–1974); Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (1974–1983)
Orders
Ordination	22 December 1941
Consecration	8 November 1953
Created Cardinal	5 March 1973
Rank	Santa Maria in Vallicella
Personal details
Birth name	James Robert Knox
Born	(1914-05-02)2 May 1914 Bayswater, Western Australia, Australia
Died
Buried	St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne
Nationality	Australian
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Occupation	Cleric
Alma mater	Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum

Styles of James Knox
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Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal
See	Melitene (titular see)

James Robert Knox (2 March 1914 – 26 June 1983), an Australian Roman Catholic cardinal, was President of the Pontifical Council for the Family, between 1981 and 1983; a Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, between 1974 and 1983; and the fifth Archbishop of Melbourne, serving between 1967 and 1974.

Early years

Knox was born in Bayswater, Western Australia. He was a son of Irish–born John Knox and his wife Alice Emily, née Walsh. Attending Catholic schools in Perth, Knox applied to the Archdiocese to study for the priesthood, but there was rejected because it was cheaper to recruit and educate priests in Ireland. He successfully applied to become a priest at the Benedictine Territorial Abbey of New Norcia, and completed his secondary schooling at St Ildephonsus' College, before entering the seminary in 1936. By September that same year, he transferred to the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum in Rome.

Ordained priest on 22 December 1941, he pursued postgraduate studies, obtaining doctorates in theology (1944) and canon law (1949). Unable to return to Australia during World War II, he had been assigned to Propaganda College staff, becoming a vice-rector in 1945. He served as a staff member of the Vatican Secretariat of State from 1948 until 1950. He was also a staff member of Vatican Radio for a year between 1949 and 1950 and appointed to the rank of monsignor on 22 July 1950. He was Secretary to the Apostolic Delegate in Japan from 1950 until 1953.

Episcopate

Pius XII appointed him Titular Archbishop of Melitene and Apostolic Delegate in British Africa on 20 July 1953. He was consecrated in November of that year in Rome by Cardinal Celso Costantini. He was Internuncio in India and Apostolic Delegate in Burma and Ceylon from 1957 where he was involved with the expansion of Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity. Knox attended the Second Vatican Council in Rome.

On 13 April 1967, with no direct pastoral experience, Knox was appointed as the fifth Archbishop of Melbourne. Following decrees of the Second Vatican Council, in 1970 Knox approved the extension of St Patrick's Cathedral's sanctuary into the transept crossing to provide the space required for the reformed liturgical rites. The new sanctuary worked admirably for the many ceremonies of the 40th International Eucharistic Congress held in Melbourne in February 1973. Knox reorganised the structure of the archdiocese, establishing four regions headed by auxiliary bishops, the creation of 12 archdiocesan departments headed by episcopal vicars as well as the establishment of a Senate of Priests and other advisory bodies. During his episcopacy as archbishop, Knox was also instrumental in the creation of the Melbourne College of Divinity and later, some of the constituent parts which became the Australian Catholic University.

Cardinal

On 5 March 1973 Paul VI named Knox Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Vallicella. In early 1974, Knox was appointed Prefect of both the Congregations for the Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments and took up his appointment in March of that year in Rome. On 1 July 1974 his resignation of the pastoral episcopacy of Melbourne was accepted. By 1975 Knox had merged both congregations. He was appointed in 1973 as President of the Permanent Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses. In 1978, he took part in the August and October conclaves which elected both John Paul I and John Paul II respectively. In 1981 John Paul II appointed Knox as the inaugural President of the reconstituted Pontifical Council for the Family, replacing the Pontifical Committee for the Family.

In 1982 his health declined and in May 1983 he became seriously ill with a circulatory problem. He died, aged 69, on 26 June that year in Rome and was buried in the crypt of St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne. A 1974 portrait of Knox by Melbourne artist Paul Fitzgerald is held by the cathedral.

References

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Justin Simonds	5th Archbishop of Melbourne 13 April 1967 – 1 July 1974	Succeeded by Frank Little
Preceded by Paolo Giobbe	Cardinal–Priest of Santa Maria in Vallicella 5 March 1973 – 26 June 1983	Succeeded by Edward Clancy
Preceded by Martin Lucas	Apostolic Internuncio to India 14 Feb 1957 - 13 Apr 1967	Succeeded by Giuseppe Caprio
Preceded by Antonio Samoré (as Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments)	Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum 1 August 1975 – 4 August 1981	Succeeded by Giuseppe Casoria
Preceded by Opilio Rossi (as President of the Pontifical Committee for the Family)	President of the Pontifical Council for the Family 4 August 1981 – 26 June 1983	Succeeded by Edouard Gagnon