Kargil order of battle
The Kargil war order of battle (KWORBAT), is a deposition and systematic combatant structure of the Indian Army troops and the unified Pakistan Armed Forces combat commands, active in the region in 1999. The Indian Army orbat is based on the publications provided by the Indian military authors, news media and official sources.
The Pakistan orbat is based on the intelligence information provided by the Pakistani media (both electronic and print media), military authors, and Pakistani documentaries made after the conflict. The Pakistan orbat does not include the separatist fighters who claimed by India to be also involved in fighting atop the peaks of Kargil, however, this claim has been strongly dismissed by the senior military commanders of Pakistan armed forces command, quoting that "all soldiers were the active duty personnel of the [Pakistan] armed forces.[1]
Contents
Indian Orbat
Indian Army
Northern Command
- XV Corps
- XV Corps Artillery Brigade
- HQ 8 Mountain Division (ex Sharifabad, Valley)
- 8 Mountain Artillery Brigade (division artillery)
- 121(Independent) Infantry Brigade Group
- 16 Grenadiers
- 4 Jat
- 3 Punjab
- 10 Garhwal
- BSF Bn
- Det 17 Guards (ATGM)
- 56 Mountain Brigade (Matayan) (part of division)
- 16 Grenadiers
- 18 Grenadiers
- 8 Sikh
- 1 Naga
- 2 Raj Rif
- 18 Garhwal
- 13 JAK Rif
- 1/3 GR
- 9 Para Cdos
- Det 17 Guards (ATGM)
- 50 (Independent) Parachute Brigade (ex Army HQ Reserves)
- 6 Parachute
- 7 Parachute
- 1 Parachute Commandos
- Det 19 Guards (ATGM)
- 192 Mountain Brigade (part of division)
- 18 Grenadiers
- 8 Sikh
- 9 Para Cdos
- Det 17 Guards (ATGM)
- 79 Mountain Brigade (Dras) (part of division)
- 17 Jat
- 28 RR
- 12 Mahar
- 13 JAK Rif
- 2 Naga
- 9 Para Cdos
- Det 17 Guards (ATGM)
3 Infantry Division (Leh)
- 3 Artillery Brigade (divisional artillery)
- 70 Infantry Brigade Group (ex Demchok, China border) (regularly assigned to division)
- 1/11 GR
- 12 JAK LI
- 10 Para Cdos
- 1 Bihar
- Ladakh Scouts
- 17 Garhwal
- 5 Para
- 14 Sikh
- Det 19 Guards (ATGM)
- 102 (Independent) Infantry Brigade Group (Shyok River Valley) (normally under command 3 Division)
- 11 Rajputana Rifles
- 9 Mahar
- 13 Kumaon
- 27 Rajput
- Det High Altitude Warfare School Permanent Cadre
- Det 19 Guards (ATGM)
Kargil Theatre Artillery (these arty units took part in the War serving under various formations)
Lt = Light; Fd = Field; Med = Medium; Hvy Mor = Heavy Mortar
-
- 4 Fd Regt
- 15 Fd Regt
- 41 Fd Regt
- 108 Med Regt
- 139 Med Regt
- 141 Fd Regt
- 153 Med Regt
- 158 Med Regt
- 197 Fd Regt
- 212 Rocket Regt
- 244 Hvy Mor Regt
- 253 Med Regt
- 255 Fd Regt
- 286 Med Regt
- 305 Med Regt
- 307 Med Regt
- 315 Fd Regt
- 1861 Lt Regt
- 1889 Lt Regt
Other battalions[2]
-
- 5 Special Frontier Force (Vikas Force)
- 663 Reconnaissance & Observation Squadron
- 668 Reconnaissance & Observation Squadron
- Ladakh Scouts: Karakoram & India Wings
- 13 Punjab
- 12 Grenadiers
- 22 Grenadiers
- 7 Jat (may have been mistaken)
- 14 Sikh LI (may have been mistaken)
- 9 Rashtriya Rifles
- 14 Rashtriya Rifles
- 17 Rashtriya Rifles
- 11 Sikh
- 3 J&K Rifles
- 16 Dogras
- Dogra Scouts
- 5 Rajput
- 9 Mahar
Indian Air Force
Apart from the involvement of the Indian Army, the Indian Air Force (IAF) also participated in the Kargil War as part of Operation Safed Sagar.
Pakistan orbat
Initially, the Kargil order of battle was planned by the Directorate-General for Military Operaions (DGMO) Brigadier-General Nadeem Ahmed. However, after the IAF strike and Indian advancement in the region, the PAF and the Navy deployed and issued orders to their combat forces. Their missions were to conduct surveillance and air patrolling; no other combat units of PAF and Navy participated in the combat. The inter-services order of battle is mentioned in the table. According to the Pakistan news channels reports and military declassified information, the Kargil infiltration was comprehensively planned by the joint officers at the Joint Staff Headquarters, a joint office secretariat which then-served under General Musharraf.
From the starting of the conflict, there were numerous inter-services meeting coordinated by the chairman joint chiefs, to Prime minister Nawaz Sharif. The controversy still surrounds in the military science circle of the Pakistan armed forces, with chief of naval staff and chief of air staff including key theatre commanders of army combatant corps, leveling up the accusations that the Kargil front was launched without their knowledge or confidence.
Army formation
| Field Operations Commanders | Command | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Pervez Musharraf | Chairman joint chiefs and Chief of Army Staff | Later ascended as the President of Pakistan in 1999 | |
| Lieutenant-General Mahmud Ahmed | Field operation commander, X Corps | Promotion as director, ISI (2001), and commanded Regiment of Artillery (2004) | |
| Lieutenant-General Shahid Aziz | DG Joint Intelligence North and Analysis | Promoted as chairman of the NAB (2005–07) | |
| Major-General Jamshed Gulzar Kiyani | Director-General, Military Intelligence | Later commanded X Corps (2004) and chairman of FPSC (2004–07) | |
| Major-General Ashraf Rashid | Field commander Northern Areas Command, directed special operations |
- Notes: The confusion still remains in Pakistan Army on how many actual army corps and units fought in the Kargil war. In 2013 television interview to Capital Talk programme of Geo News , Colonel Ashfaq Hussain maintained that "not the entire army was fully informed; only few independent army units, assisted by special forces, were active in the area." It is confirmed that all personnel were the active-duty members of the Pakistan army. According to Kargil theatre commander Lt. Gen. Shahid Aziz, no foreign elements were active in fight against the Indian army.
PAF formation
| Field Operation Commander | Command | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Air Chief Marshal Pervez Mehdi | Chief of Air Staff | |
| Air Marshal Zahid Anis | DCAS Air Operations | Later promoted to as VCAS |
| Air commodore Abid Rao | ACAS Operational Planning | Later promoted to three-star rank and the commandant of PAF Air War College |
- Note: No PAF F-16s took active participation in the conflict. All PAF missions were to conduct Combat air patrol in the area.
| Field Operations Commander | Command | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Admiral Fasih Bokhari | Chief of Naval Staff | Later ascended as chairman of NAB (2010) |
| Vice-Admiral Aziz Mirza | Vice-Chief of Naval Staff | Promoted to four-star rank admiral and Chief of naval staff |
| Rear-Admiral Shahid Karimullah | Field operations commander Karachi Command | Promoted to four-star rank admiral, chief of naval staff (2002–05) and minister of defence (1999-2002) |
| Rear-Admiral Gulzaman Malik | Commander Northern Navy Command | Commanded the Submarine command (1999-2002) |
| Commodore Afzal Tahir | Field commander, Naval air command | Also promoted to four-star rank admiral (2005–07) |
- Note: No Navy units took active participation. The Navy was on high-alert but strictly ordered by Admiral Bokhari to not to escalate the crises into sea. Although, Navy had its own significance in the Kargil theatre, but no crucial operations and efforts were applied or undertaken by Navy to support the army. According to the chief of naval staff, General Musharraf, as chairman joint chiefs, had failed to take navy in confidence prior to the starting of the conflict.
- Pakistan Navy Commander Karachi[7]
- Pakistan Naval Air Arm
- The Pakistan Navy, in a defensive mood, directed all its units to keep clear of Indian naval ships. As the exercise shifted closer to the Makaran Coast, Pakistan moved all its major combatants out of Karachi. The Navy remained high-alert, although orders were not to escalate the crises to sea. The Navy launched surveillance operations; Karachi port remains high-alert.[8]
References
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- ↑ This list is compiled from newspaper and casualty reports.
- ↑ Nishan i Haider
- ↑ In the FCNA region from October 1998 onwards
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27 Sind
Sources
- Indian Army – Kargil War 1999 v.2.0 8 March 2006 Mandeep S. Bajwa & Ravi Rikhye
- Kargil Committee Report Executive Summary
