Keno
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Keno /kiːnoʊ/ is a lottery-like gambling game often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game in some lotteries.
Players wager by choosing numbers ranging from 1 through 80. After all players make their wagers, 20 numbers are drawn at random, either with a ball machine similar to ones used for lotteries and bingo, or with a random number generator.
Each casino sets its own series of pay scale choices called "paytables". The player is paid based on how many numbers selected on the ticket match the numbers drawn and the wager amount.
There are a wide variety of keno paytables from casino to casino and a large deviation in the house edge set for each of those paytables. The house edge ranges from less than 4%[1] to well over 35%.[2] The typical house edge for non-slot casino games is between 0% and 5%.[3]
Contents
History
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The word "keno" has French or Latin roots (Fr. quine "five winning numbers", L. quini "five each"), but by all accounts the game originated in China. Legend has it that the invention of the game saved an ancient city in time of war, and its widespread popularity helped raise funds to build the Great Wall of China. In modern China, the idea of using lotteries to fund a public institution was not accepted before the late 19th century.[4]
Chinese lottery is not documented before 1847 when the Portuguese Government of Macao decided to grant a licence to lottery operators. According to some, results of keno games in great cities were sent to outlying villages and hamlets by carrier pigeons, resulting in its Chinese name 白鸽票 báigē piào, literally "white dove ticket", pronounced baak-gap-piu in Cantonese (which the Western spelling 'pak-ah-pu' / 'pakapoo' was based on).
The Chinese played the game using sheets printed with Chinese characters, often the first 80 characters of the Thousand Character Classic, from which the winning characters were selected.[5][6] Eventually, Chinese immigrants introduced keno to the West when they sailed across the Pacific Ocean to help build the First Transcontinental Railroad in the 19th century,[7] where the name was Westernized into boc hop bu[6] and puck-apu.[5] By 1866 it had already become a widely popular gambling game in Houston, Texas, under the name 'Keno'.[8]
Odds
Keno payouts are based on how many numbers the player chooses and how many numbers are "hit", multiplied by the proportion of the player's original wager to the "base rate" of the paytable. Typically, the more numbers a player chooses and the more numbers hit, the greater the payout, although some paytables pay for hitting a lesser number of spots. For example, it is not uncommon to see casinos paying $500 or even $1,000 for a “catch” of 0 out of 20 on a 20 spot ticket with a $5.00 wager. Payouts vary widely from casino to casino. Most casinos allow paytable wagers of between 1 and 20 numbers, but some limit the choice to only 1 through 10, 12 and 15 numbers, or "spots" as keno aficionados call the numbers selected.[9]
The probability of a player hitting all 20 numbers on a 20 spot ticket is approximately 1 in 3.5 quintillion (1 in 3,535,316,142,212,174,336 to be exact).[10]
Even though it is virtually impossible to hit all 20 numbers on a 20 spot ticket, the same player would typically also get paid for hitting “catches” 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 through 19 out of 20, often with the 17 through 19 catches paying the same as the solid 20 hit. Some of the other paying "catches" on a 20 spot ticket or any other ticket with high "solid catch" odds are in reality very possible to hit:
| Hits | Odds |
|---|---|
| 0 | 1 in 843.380 (0.11857057%) |
| 1 | 1 in 86.446 (1.15678605%) |
| 2 | 1 in 20.115 (4.97142576%) |
| 3 | 1 in 8.009 (12.48637168%) |
| 4 | 1 in 4.877 (20.50318987%) |
| 5 | 1 in 4.287 (23.32807380%) |
| 6 | 1 in 5.258 (19.01745147%) |
| 7 | 1 in 8.826 (11.32954556%) |
| 8 | 1 in 20.055 (4.98618021%) |
| 9 | 1 in 61.420 (1.62814048%) |
| 10 | 1 in 253.801 (0.39401000%) |
| 11 | 1 in 1,423.822 (0.07023351%) |
| 12 | 1 in 10,968.701 (0.00911685%) |
| 13 | 1 in 118,084.920 (0.00084685%) |
| 14 | 1 in 1,821,881.628 (0.00005489%) |
| 15 | 1 in 41,751,453.986 (0.00000240%) |
| 16 | 1 in 1,496,372,110.872 (0.00000007%) |
| 17 | 1 in 90,624,035,964.712 |
| 18 | 1 in 10,512,388,171,906.553 |
| 19 | 1 in 2,946,096,785,176,811.500 |
| 20 | 1 in 3,535,316,142,212,173,800.000 |
Odds change significantly based on the number of spots that are picked on each ticket.
External links
- Tool to calculate the House Edge for any number of balls and selections
- kenousa.com - a site listing Keno results at several casinos.
References
- ↑ Online Keno odds
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Casino advantages for various games
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Melanie Yap, Dianne Leong Man. Colour, confusion and concessions, pp.240-241.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Keno History
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Probabilities in keno
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