Key signature names and translations

When a musical key or key signature is referred to in a language other than English, that language may use the usual notation used in English (namely the letters A to G, along with translations of the words sharp, flat, major and minor in that language): languages which use the usual system include Irish, Welsh, Azeri, Hindi, Japanese (based on katakana in iroha order), Korean (based on hangul), Chinese, Thai, Indonesian, Filipino, Swahili, Esperanto.

Or it may use some different notation. Two notation systems are most commonly found besides the usual system, the Fixed Do key notation and the German key notation

1. Fixed Do key notation - used (among others) in Italian, French, Dutch (in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium), Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Occitan, Breton, Basque, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Latvian, Romanian, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, Turkish (along with the usual system) and Vietnamese. Most countries (though not all, e.g. Serbia) where Fixed Do solmization is used also use the Fixed Do key notation. Instead of the letters C, D, E, F, G, A, B, seven syllables (derived from solfege) are used to refer to the seven diatonic tones of C major: Do (in French Do or Ut), Re, Mi, Fa, Sol (never So), La, Si (never Ti), with some variations and adaptations according to country, language and alphabet, followed by the accidental (natural is clearly most often omitted) and then the major/minor qualifier as needed.
2. German key notation - used (among others) in German, Dutch (in the Netherlands, where it is used along with the usual system), Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Finnish, Estonian, Lithuanian (along with the usual system), Serbian (along with the usual system), Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Hungarian, Polish, Czech and Slovak. The German key notation differs from the usual system in two respects, namely that B natural is referred to by the letter H and B flat by the letter B by itself, and that sharp and flat designations do not use words but suffix is for sharps and suffix es (reduced to s if the tone letter is a vowel) for flats, except that (as already mentioned) in the German system the letter B by itself already means B flat. However in some places where the German system is in use one may encounter the use of B for B natural and Bes for B flat. This is especially common in the Netherlands.

There has been a tendency in some countries which historically used the Fixed Do key notation or the German key notation to switch to the usual system, especially among musicians working in popular music genres or jazz. The only case where this can lead to some confusion is when the letter B is used: should it be understood as B natural (usual system) or B flat (German system)? Another tendency has been to use the usual system in writing but to read it out according to either the Fixed Do or the German system if those are the systems used locally. For example recent French scores or books may use the usual system (this is especially common for chord symbols), but French users would read out that notation according to the Fixed Do system. Similarly a Dutch musician may refer to a written F♯ orally as Fis. This article is concerned with written usage.

To form a key designation, locate the note name in the pitch translation table and add the major/minor qualifier from the lower table as needed.

Pitch translation table

alphabetic systems					solmization systems
English	German	Dutch (Netherlands, written)	Japanese	Korean	Italian	French	Spanish	Portuguese	Russian	Romanian	Dutch (Belgium)
C flat	Ces	Ces / C mol	変ハ (hen-ha)	내림 다 (naerim da)	Do bemolle	Do bémol	Do bemol	Dó bemol	До-бемоль	Do bemol	Do mol
C	C	C	ハ (ha)	다 (da)	Do	Do (Ut)	Do	Dó	До	Do	Do
C sharp	Cis	Cis / C kruis	嬰ハ (ei-ha)	올림 다 (ollim da)	Do diesis	Do dièse	Do sostenido	Dó sustenido	До-диез	Do diez	Do kruis
D flat	Des	Des / D mol	変ニ (hen-ni)	내림 라 (naerim ra)	Re bemolle	Ré bémol	Re bemol	Ré bemol	Ре-бемоль	Re bemol	Re mol
D	D	D	ニ (ni)	라 (ra)	Re	Ré	Re	Ré	Ре	Re	Re
D sharp	Dis	Dis / D kruis	嬰ニ (ei-ni)	올림 라 (ollim ra)	Re diesis	Ré dièse	Re sostenido	Ré sustenido	Ре-диез	Re diez	Re kruis
E flat	Es	Es / E mol	変ホ (hen-ho)	내림 마 (naerim ma)	Mi bemolle	Mi bémol	Mi bemol	Mi bemol	Ми-бемоль	Mi bemol	Mi mol
E	E	E	ホ (ho)	마 (ma)	Mi	Mi	Mi	Mi	Ми	Mi	Mi
E sharp	Eis	Eis / E kruis	嬰ホ (ei-ho)	올림 마 (ollim ma)	Mi diesis	Mi dièse	Mi sostenido	Mi sustenido	Ми-диез	Mi diez	Mi kruis
F flat	Fes	Fes / F mol	変ヘ (hen-he)	내림 바 (naerim ba)	Fa bemolle	Fa bémol	Fa bemol	Fa bemol	Фа-бемоль	Fa bemol	Fa mol
F	F	F	ヘ (he)	바 (ba)	Fa	Fa	Fa	Fá	Фа	Fa	Fa
F sharp	Fis	Fis / F kruis	嬰ヘ (ei-he)	올림 바 (ollim ba)	Fa diesis	Fa dièse	Fa sostenido	Fá sustenido	Фа-диез	Fa diez	Fa kruis
G flat	Ges	Ges / G mol	変ト (hen-to)	내림 사 (naerim sa)	Sol bemolle	Sol bémol	Sol bemol	Sol bemol	Соль-бемоль	Sol bemol	Sol mol
G	G	G	ト (to)	사 (sa)	Sol	Sol	Sol	Sol	Соль	Sol	Sol
G sharp	Gis	Gis / G kruis	嬰ト (ei-to)	올림 사 (ollim sa)	Sol diesis	Sol dièse	Sol sostenido	Sol sustenido	Соль-диез	Sol diez	Sol kruis
A flat	As	As / A mol	変イ (hen-i)	내림 가 (naerim ga)	La bemolle	La bémol	La bemol	Lá bemol	Ля-бемоль	La bemol	La mol
A	A	A	イ (i)	가 (ga)	La	La	La	Lá	Ля	La	La
A sharp	Ais	Ais / A kruis	嬰イ (ei-i)	올림 가 (ollim ga)	La diesis	La dièse	La sostenido	Lá sustenido	Ля-диез	La diez	La kruis
B flat	B	Bes / B mol	変ロ (hen-ro)	내림 나 (naerim na)	Si bemolle	Si bémol	Si bemol	Si bemol	Си-бемоль	Si bemol	Si mol
B	H	B	ロ (ro)	나 (na)	Si	Si	Si	Si	Си	Si	Si
B sharp	His	Bis / B kruis	嬰ロ (ei-ro)	올림 나 (ollim na)	Si diesis	Si dièse	Si sostenido	Si sustenido	Си-диез	Si diez	Si kruis

Note: in German language, the termination "es" for notes like "Bes" or "Ees" stands for "Erniedrigungszeichen", which translates as "flat sign".

Major/minor alteration

English	German	Dutch	Japanese	Korean	Italian	French	Spanish	Portuguese	Russian	Romanian
major	Dur	groot	長調 (chōchō)	장조 (jangjo)	maggiore	majeur	mayor	maior	мажор	major
minor	Moll	klein	短調 (tanchō)	단조 (danjo)	minore	mineur	menor	menor	минор	minor

Note that the 'major' alteration is usually superfluous, as a key description missing an alteration is invariably assumed to be major.

In the German notation scheme, a hyphen is added between the pitch and the alteration (D-Dur). Minor key signatures are written with a lower case letter (d-Moll).

For example, to describe Bach's Mass in B minor one could use:

• B minor (English)
• h-Moll (German)
• b (klein) (Dutch)
• ロ短調 (ro tanchō) (Japanese)
• 나 단조 (na danjo) (Korean)
• Si minore (Italian)
• Si mineur (French)
• Si menor (Spanish)
• Si menor (Portuguese)
• Си минор (Russian)
• Si minor (Romanian)

External links

• Table of the names of keys in French, German, Italian, and Spanish hosted by Yale University.