Lampshade spider

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Lampshade spiders
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Hypochilus pococki in web, looking up from below
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Hypochilidae
Marx, 1888
Genera

Ectatosticta
Hypochilus

Diversity
2 genera, 12 species
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File:Hypochilus web (Marshal Hedin) rotated.jpg
Hypochilus web in its normal orientation

Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species currently recognized. Like mygalomorphs, hypochilids have two pairs of book lungs, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the United States the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian, Rocky and California Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus Hypochilus. The genus Ectatosticta is found in China.

In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister clade to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the Araneomorphae (Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the Haplogynae.[1]

Species

Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 — China

Hypochilus Marx, 1888 — USA

See also

References

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  • Coddington, J.A. & Levi, H.W. (1991). Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:565-592.
  • How to Know the Spiders by B. J. Kaston. Dubuque, 1953.

Further reading

  • Forster, R.R., Platnick, N.I. and Gray, M.R. (1987). A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the AMNH 185(1):1-116 Abstract - PDF (50Mb)
  • Shear, W.A. (1969). Observations on the predatory behavior of the spider Hypochilus gertschi Hoffman (Hypochilidae). Psyche 76:407-417 PDF

External links