Landguard Fort

The sign at Landguard Fort Felixstowe

File:Landguard Fort - geograph.org.uk - 982489.jpg

Landguard Fort from Landguard Point

Landguard Fort is a fort at the mouth of the River Orwell outside Felixstowe, Suffolk, designed to guard the entrance to the port of Harwich.

History

Originally known as Langer Fort,, the first fortifications from 1540 were a few earthworks and blockhouse, but it was James I of England who ordered the construction of a square fort with bulwarks at each corner.

File:Darells Battery.jpg

Darell's Battery at Landgard Fort Felixstowe

In 1667 the Dutch landed a force of 2000 men on Felixstowe beach in front of (what is now called) Under Cliff road east and advanced on to the fort, but were repulsed by Nathaniel Darrell and his garrison of 400 musketeers of the Duke of York & Albany's Maritime Regiment (the first English Marines) and 100 artillerymen with 54 cannon.

The fort was considered part of Essex in the 18th and 19th centuries; births and deaths within the garrison were recorded as 'Landguard Fort, Essex'.

A new Fort battery was built in 1717, and a complete new fort on an adjoining site was started in 1745 to a pentagonal bastioned trace. New batteries were built in the 1750s and 1780, but the biggest change was in the 1870s where the interior barracks were rebuilt to a keep-like design, the river frontage was rebuilt with a new casemated battery covered by a very unusual caponier with a quarter sphere bomb proof nose. Several open bastions were enclosed, and a mock ravelin block constructed to house a submarine mining contingent.

During the Second World War, it was used as one of the balloon launch sites of Operation Outward. This was a project to attack Germany by means of free-flying hydrogen balloons that carried incendiary devices or trailing steel wires (intended to damage power lines.) Between 1942 and 1944, many thousands of balloons were launched.

The 10inch gun pit in Left Battery was converted into an Anti-aircraft Operations Room for Harwich in 1939. Visitors as well as local people, have their own experiences of paranormal activity in or around the Fort. The most common being the image of a sailor looking out of the top right window (the side visible from the road). Most reportings were in the 1990s, but occasionally there are still reports of lights at night and being "pushed" whilst visiting the top floors.

The fort has been structurally consolidated and is open every day from April to the end of October. It is now in the guardianship of English Heritage.

Felixstowe Museum

The Ravelin block houses Felixstowe Museum, with 15 rooms of exhibits about the military and social history of the town.

See also

• Governor of Landguard Fort

Bibliography

• The history of Landguard Fort in Suffolk by Major J. H. Leslie, Eyre & Spottiswoode (1898)

External links

• Map sources for Landguard Fort
• Landguard Fort - official site at English Heritage
• Felixstowe Museum
• Landguard Anti Aircraft Operations Room
• Landguard Fort
• Landguard Fort, photographs, July 2007
• Archeological field survey of fortifications: English Heritage
• Conservation and management of Landguard Fort and Batteries: English Heritage
• Landguard Bird Observatory