List of battles and other violent events by death toll
This page lists mortalities from battles and other individual military operations or acts of violence, sorted by death toll. For wars and events more extensive in scope, see List of wars and disasters by death toll. For natural disasters, see List of natural disasters by death toll.
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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Contents
Battles and sieges
Many of the entries in this section are currently for total casualties rather than deaths. Until this notice is removed, check the individual links to confirm what the figure represents.
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Bombing campaigns
World War II
- Maximum 25,000 (minimum 22,700) – Allied airforce bombing of Dresden during the period 7 October 1944 to 7 April 1945[1]
- Minimum 20,000 – Allied airforce bombing of Berlin in 363 separate raids that took place during the period 7 June 1940 until 25 March 1944
- Minimum 20,000 – German Luftwaffe bombing of London during the Blitz; 7 September 1940 to 10 May 1941[2]
Post-World War II
- 40,000–150,000 – US bombing campaign of Cambodia categorized as Operation Menu and Operation Freedom Deal from 18 March 1969 to 15 August 1973
- 1,400 – Operation Linebacker II 'Christmas bombing' (Vietnam), 1972
Individual air raids
World War II
- 100,000 – USAAF bombing of Tokyo on March 10, 1945[3]
- 66,000–70,000 – Atomic bombing of Hiroshima by the USAAF, (Japan, 1945)
- 50,000 – Battle of Hamburg (Germany, July 1943), week-long Operation Gomorrah by RAF and USAAF
- 35,000–40,000 – Atomic bombing of Nagasaki by the USAAF, (Japan, 1945)
- 17,000 – Bombing of Pforzheim by Allies (Germany, February 23, 1945)[4]
- 7,500-8,500 – Fighter-bomber attacks on SS Cap Arcona and SS Thielbek, (Germany, 1945)
- 2000–5000 – Bombing of Le Havre by Allied forces (France, 1944)
- 1500–4000 – Bombing of Caen by Allied forces (France, 1944)
- 3,000 – Taihoku air raid (Taiwan, 1943–1945)
- 2,300–5,000 – Operation Punishment: Bombing of Belgrade by Nazi Germany (Yugoslavia, 1941)
- 2,403 – Bombing of Pearl Harbor by Imperial Japan (United States, 1941)
- 1,200 – Allied bombing of Belgrade (Yugoslavia, 1944)
- 800–900 – Bombing of Rotterdam by Nazi Germany, May 14, 1940.
Wartime ship disasters
Prior to World War I
Estimate | Name | Nat. | Ship Type | Principal casualties | Where sunk | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1300–1900 | Sultana | US | Transport Steamboat | Union POWs formerly held by the Confederate Army |
Mississippi River near Memphis |
April 27, 1865[5] |
900 | HMS Victory | GB | 1st-rate | Crew | The Casquets | Oct 3, 1744 |
882-949 | Soleil Royal | France | 1st-rate | Crew | English Channel | June 3, 1692 |
838 | HMS St George | UK | 1st-rate | Crew | North Sea | Dec 24, 1811 |
800+ | Kronan | SE | 1st-rate | Crew | Baltic Sea | Jun 1, 1676 |
800+ | HMS Royal George | GB | 1st-rate | Crew | Spithead | Aug 29, 1782 |
800 | HMS Association | GB | 2nd-rate | Crew | Isles of Scilly | Oct 22, 1707 |
699 | HMS Ramilles | GB | 3rd-rate | Crew | Bolt Head | Feb 15, 1760 |
673 | HMS Queen Charlotte | GB | 1st-rate | Crew | Livorno | Mar 17, 1800 |
566 | General Lyon | US | Transport | Discharged Union soldiers, Confederate POWs | Cape Hatteras | Mar 31, 1865 |
600 | HMS Hero | UK | 3rd-rate | Crew | Wadden Sea | Dec 28, 1811 |
555 | HMS Defence | UK | 3rd-rate | Crew | North Sea | Dec 24, 1811 |
380 | Mary Rose | Eng | Carrack | Soldiers, crew | The Solent | Jul 19, 1545 |
372 | Arniston | Eng | East Indiaman | Soldiers, crew & their family | Cape Agulhas | May 30, 1815 |
World War I
The loss of two British cruisers to a German naval squadron at the Battle of Coronel on 1 November 1914 was followed by the Battle of the Falkland Islands on 8 December where most of the German force was destroyed. The Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 was the largest naval battle during World War I and resulted in the loss of three British battlecruisers and three armoured cruisers.
Estimate | Name | Nat. | Ship Type | Principal casualties | Where sunk | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,255 | HMS Queen Mary | UK | Battlecruiser | Crew | North Sea | May 31, 1916 |
1,198 | RMS Lusitania | UK | Ocean Liner | Civilians | Celtic Sea | May 7, 1915 |
1,015 | HMS Invincible | UK | Battlecruiser | Crew | North Sea | May 31, 1916 |
1,013 | HMS Indefatigable | UK | Battlecruiser | Crew | North sea | May 31, 1916 |
903 | HMS Defence | UK | Armoured cruiser | Crew | North Sea | May 31, 1916 |
919[6] | HMS Good Hope | UK | Armoured Cruiser | Crew | off Coronel, Chile | Nov 1, 1914 |
857 | HMS Black Prince | UK | Armoured cruiser | Crew | North Sea | May 31, 1916 |
843 | HMS Vanguard | UK | Battleship | Crew | Scapa Flow, Scotland | Jul 19, 1917 |
839 | SMS Pommern | Ger | Pre-dreadnought battleship | Crew | North Sea | Jun 1, 1916 |
782 | SMS Blücher | Ger | Armoured Cruiser | Crew | Dogger Bank | Jan 24, 1915 |
860[7] | SMS Scharnhorst | Ger | Armoured cruiser | Crew | Falkland Islands | Dec 8, 1914 |
735[6] | HMS Monmouth | UK | Armoured cruiser | Crew | off Coronel, Chile | Nov 1, 1914 |
738 | HMS Bulwark | UK | Battleship | Crew | Sheerness | Nov 26, 1914 |
648 | Suffren | Fr | Pre-dreadnought battleship | Crew | off Lisbon | Nov 26, 1916 |
646 | SS Mendi | UK | Troopship | Troops | English Channel | Feb 21, 1917 |
650 | Bouvet | Fr | Pre-dreadnought battleship | Crew | Dardanelles | Mar 18, 1915 |
501 | RMS Leinster | UK | Mail Ship | Military personnel | Irish Sea | Oct 10, 1918 |
598[7] | SMS Gneisenau | Ger | Armoured Cruiser | Crew | Falkland Islands | Dec 8, 1914 |
570 | HMS Goliath | UK | Battleship | Crew | Dardanelles | May 13, 1915 |
524 | HMS Hawke | UK | Cruiser | Crew | North Sea | Oct 15, 1914 |
1450 | HMS Aboukir, Hogue and Cressy | UK | Armoured cruisers | Crew | North Sea near Netherlands | Sept 22, 1914 |
World War II
Estimate | Name | Nat. | Ship type | Principal casualties | Where sunk | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9,000[8] | Wilhelm Gustloff | ![]() |
Cruise ship | German refugees from Poland | Baltic Sea | Jan 30, 1945 |
6,000-6,700[9] | Goya | ![]() |
Troopship | Wounded, refugees | Baltic Sea | Apr 16, 1945 |
5,000-7,000[10] | Armenia | ![]() |
Hospital ship | Wounded, refugees | Black Sea | Nov 7, 1941 |
5,000-7,000[11] | Cap Arcona | ![]() |
Prison ship | Concentration camp prisoners | Baltic Sea | May 3, 1945 |
5,620[12] | Junyō Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | Japanese labourers and Allied POW's | Indian Ocean | Sep 18, 1944 |
5,400[13] | Toyama Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Sea of Japan | Jun 29, 1944 |
4,998[14] | Ryusei Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Bali Sea | Feb 25, 1944 |
4,755[15] | Tamatsu Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Off Luzon | Aug 19, 1944 |
3,900[16]-5,000[17] | Totila | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Troops | Crimean Peninsula | May 10, 1944 |
4,074[18] | Oria | ![]() |
Troopship | Italian POWs | Cape Sounion | Feb 12, 1944 |
3,850[19] | Orion | ![]() |
Auxiliary cruiser | Refugees | Baltic Sea | May 4, 1945 |
3,000-4,500[20] (1,738 known dead; 2,477 survived) |
HMT Lancastria | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops, refugees | Bay of Biscay | Jun 17, 1940 |
2,000-4,000 | Teja | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Troops | Crimean Peninsula | May 10, 1944 |
2,000-5,400[21] | Ural Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Wounded, troops | South China Sea | Sep 27, 1944 |
3,536[22] | Mayasan Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | East China Sea | Aug 17, 1944 |
3,000-4,000[23] | General von Steuben | ![]() |
Passenger ship | Wounded, refugees | Baltic Sea | Feb 10, 1945 |
3055[24][25]-3063[26] | Yamato | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Sea of Japan | Apr 7, 1945 |
3,000[27] | Tango Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | Javanese labourers and Allied POW's | Bali Sea | Feb 25, 1944 |
2,750[28] | Thielbek | ![]() |
Prison ship | Concentration camp prisoners | Baltic Sea | May 3, 1945 |
2,750[29] | Lenin | ![]() |
Passenger ship | Passengers, troops | Black Sea | Jul 27, 1941 |
2,700[30] | Moero | ![]() |
Hospital ship | Soldiers and civilians from Estonia | Baltic Sea | Sep 22, 1944 |
2,670[31] | Petrella | ![]() |
Cargo liner | Italian POW's | Suda Bay, Crete | Feb 8, 1944 |
2,665[32] | Teia Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Off Luzon | Aug 18, 1944 |
2,586[16] | Yoshida Maru No. 1 | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Off Luzon | Apr 26, 1944 |
2,571[33] | Rigel | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Troops, Soviet POW's | Off Norway | Nov 27, 1944 |
2,300[34] | Akitsu Maru | ![]() |
Escort aircraft carrier | Troops | Manila Bay | Nov 15, 1944 |
2,134[35] | Hawaii Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | East China Sea | Dec 2, 1944 |
2;114[36] | Edogawa Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Yellow sea[37] | Nov 18, 1944 |
2,100+[38] | Bismarck | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Atlantic Ocean | May 27, 1941 |
2,098[39] | Sinfra | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Italian POWs | Suda Bay, Crete | Oct 20, 1943 |
2,035[40] | Kamakura Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Soldiers and civilians | Philippines Sea | Apr 28, 1943 |
2,003[41] | Awa Maru | ![]() |
Hospital ship[42] | Civilians | Taiwan Straits | Apr 1, 1945 |
2,000[43] | Dainichi Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship, Troopship | Troops | Philippines Sea | Oct 8, 1943 |
2,000[44] | Salzburg | ![]() |
Cargo liner | Russian POW's | Black Sea | Oct 1, 1942 |
2,000 | Iosif Stalin | ![]() |
Passenger ship | Troops, crew | Baltic Sea | Dec 3, 1941 |
1,932[45] | Scharnhorst | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Arctic Ocean | Dec 26, 1943 |
1,796[46] | Gaetano Donizetti | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Italian POW's | Aegean Sea | Sep 23, 1943 |
1,777[47] | Arisan Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | US POW's | China Sea | Oct 24, 1944 |
1,747[48] | Arabia Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | South China Sea | Oct 18, 1944 |
1,700[49] | Takahito Maru | ![]() |
Hospital ship | Wounded, civilians | Taiwan Strait | Mar 19, 1943 |
1,658[50] | RMS Laconia | ![]() |
Armed merchant cruiser | Italian POW's, civilians | South Atlantic | Sep 12, 1942 |
660[51]-1,650[52] | Taihō | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Philippine Sea | Mar 7, 1944 |
1,636[53] | Yamashiro | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Surigao Strait | Oct 25, 1944 |
1,540[54] | Koshu Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | Passengers, Allied POW's | Indonesia | Aug 4, 1944 |
1,529[55] | Tsushima Maru | ![]() |
Passenger ship | Schoolchildren, civilians | Sea of Japan | Aug 22, 1944 |
1,470[56] | Chiyoda | ![]() |
Light aircraft carrier | Crew | Philippines Sea | Oct 25, 1944 |
1,450[57] | Maebashi Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Pacific Ocean | Sep 30, 1943 |
1,435[58] | Shinano | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Pacific Ocean | Nov 29, 1944 |
1,430[59] | Jinyo Maru | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Troops | South China Sea | Dec 7, 1944 |
1,428[60] | Shiranesan Maru (I) | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | South China Sea | Oct 18, 1944 |
1,415[61] | HMS Hood | ![]() |
Battlecruiser | Crew | Denmark Strait | May 24, 1941 |
1,400[62] | Fusō | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Surigao Strait | Oct 25, 1944 |
1,400[63] | Chikuma | ![]() |
Heavy cruiser | Crew | Philippine Sea | Oct 25, 1944 |
1,400[64] | Tatsuta Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Sea of Japan | Feb 9, 1943 |
1,384[65] | Fuso Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | South China Sea | Jul 31, 1944 |
1,300[66] | Mario Roselli | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Italian POW's | Corfu Bay | Oct 10, 1943 |
1,291[67] | Conte Rosso | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Mediterranean Sea | May 24, 1941 |
1.288[68] | Yasukuni Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Technical personnel | Philippines Sea | Jan 31, 1944 |
1,279[69] | Khedive Ismail | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Indian Ocean | Feb 12, 1944 |
1,263[70] | Shōkaku | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Philippine Sea | Jun 19, 1944 |
1,253[71] | Roma | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Mediterranean | Sep 8, 1943 |
1,250[72] | Kongō | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Formosa Strait | Nov 21, 1944 |
1,243[73] | Chuyo | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Izu Islands | Dec 4, 1943 |
1,240[74] | Unryū | ![]() |
Escort aircraft carrier | Crew | East China Sea | Dec 19, 1944 |
1,207[75] | HMS Glorious | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Norwegian Sea | Jun 8, 1940 |
1,177 | USS Arizona (BB-39) | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Pearl Harbor | Dec 7, 1941 |
1,159[76] | Rakuyo Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | British and Australian POW's | South China Sea | Sep 12, 1944 |
1,138[77] | Rohna | ![]() |
Troopship | US troops, crew | Mediterranean | Nov 26, 1943 |
1,124[78] | Montevideo Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | Australian POW's, civilians | Philippine Sea? | Jul 1, 1942 |
1,121[79] | Mutsu | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew, flying cadets | Hashirajima (Japan) | Jun 8, 1943 |
1,118[80] | Hakozaki Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Yellow Sea | Mar 19, 1945 |
1,023[81] | Musashi | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Leyte Gulf | Oct 24, 1944 |
1,000[82] | Eiwa Maru | ![]() |
Tanker ship | Troops | South China Sea | Nov 13, 1944 |
991[83] | Galilea | ![]() |
Troopship | Italian alpine troops, Italian carabinieri, Greek POW's | Mediterranean Sea | Mar 28, 1942 |
956-1,025[84] | Neuwerk | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Refugees, railway workers, doctors | Baltic Sea | Apr 10, 1945 |
977[85] | Bretagne | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Mers El Kébir | Jul 3, 1940 |
850-1,100[86] | Shuntien | ![]() |
Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship | Italian and German POW's, British soldiers, crew | Mediterranean Sea | Dec 23, 1941 |
970[87] | Karlsruhe | ![]() |
Cargo ship | Passengers, crew | Baltic sea | Apr 13, 1945 |
956[88] | Taihei Maru | ![]() |
Troopship | Troops | Sea of Okhotsk | Jul 9, 1944 |
954[89] | Palatia | ![]() |
Passenger ship | Crew, Soviet POWs | Off Lindesnes | Oct 21, 1942 |
946[90] | Exercise Tiger | ![]() |
Military exercise | US troops | South Devon | Apr 28, 1944 |
945[91] | Aikoku Maru | ![]() |
Armed merchant cruiser | Troops | Pacific Ocean | Feb 17, 1944 |
918[92] | Corregidor | ![]() |
Ocean liner | Passengers, crew | South China Sea | Dec 12, 1941 |
920 | Blücher | ![]() |
Heavy cruiser | Troops, crew | Oslofjord | Apr 9, 1940 |
903[93] | Chitose | ![]() |
Light aircraft carrier | Crew | Philippines Sea | Oct 25, 1944 |
800[94]-901[95] | Unyō | ![]() |
Escort aircraft carrier | Crew | South China Sea | Sep 17, 1944 |
900[96] | Haguro | ![]() |
Heavy cruiser | Crew | Strait of Malacca | May 16, 1945 |
895[97] | Tirpitz | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Tromsø | Nov 12, 1944 |
883[98] | USS Indianapolis | ![]() |
Heavy cruiser | Crew | Philippine Sea | Jul 30, 1945 |
881[99] | Nachi | ![]() |
Heavy cruiser | Crew | Manila Bay | Nov 5, 1944 |
862[100] | HMS Barham | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Mediterranean Sea | Nov 25, 1941 |
858[101] | RMS Nova Scotia | ![]() |
Troopship | Passengers, British military and naval personnel, South African guards, Italian civil internees | Indian Ocean | Nov 28, 1942 |
846[102] | Lisbon Maru | ![]() |
Hell ship | British and Canadian POW's | East China Sea | Oct 1, 1942 |
843[103] | Zuikaku | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Leyte Gulf | Oct 25,1944 |
833[104] | HMS Royal Oak | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | Scapa Flow | Oct 14, 1939 |
817[105] | Taiyo Maru | ![]() |
Passenger ship | Passengers, crew | East China Sea | May 8, 1942 |
814[106] | Kaga | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Midway | Jun 4, 1942 |
808[107] | Leopoldville | ![]() |
Troopship | US Troops | English Channel | Dec 24, 1944 |
791 | Struma | ![]() |
Passenger | Crew | Black Sea | Feb 24, 1942 |
718 | Sōryū | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Midway | Jun 4, 1942 |
693 | USS Houston | ![]() |
Heavy cruiser | Crew | Java Sea | March 1, 1942 |
655 | Ceramic | ![]() |
Passenger | Civilians | Atlantic Ocean | Dec 6, 1942 |
645 | HMAS Sydney | ![]() |
Light cruiser | Crew | Indian Ocean | Nov 19, 1941 |
631 | Shōhō | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Coral Sea | May 7, 1942 |
549 | Ukishima Maru | ![]() |
Transport | Korean forced labourers | Maizuru, Japan | Aug 24, 1945 |
518 | HMS Courageous | ![]() |
Aircraft carrier | Crew | Irish coast | Sep 17, 1939 |
513 | HMS Repulse | ![]() |
Battlecruiser | Crew | South China Sea | Dec 10, 1941 |
484 | Yoma | ![]() |
Troopship | Crew, British Army troops & Free French Navy personnel[108] | Mediterranean | June 17, 1943 |
353 | HMAS Perth | ![]() |
Light cruiser | Crew | Sunda Strait | Mar 1, 1942 |
338 | HMS Curacoa | ![]() |
Light cruiser | Crew | Atlantic? | Oct 2, 1942 |
327 | HMS Prince of Wales | ![]() |
Battleship | Crew | South China Sea | Dec 10, 1941 |
271 | Ilmarinen | ![]() |
Coastal defence ship | Crew | Baltic Sea | Sep 13, 1941 |
159 | USS Asheville | ![]() |
Gunboat | crew | Java Sea | March 3, 1942 |
137 | Caribou | ![]() |
Ferry | Passengers, crew | Cabot Strait | Oct 14, 1942 |
Post World War II
Estimate | Name | Nat. | Ship Type | Principal casualties | Where sunk | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,750 | SS Kiangya | Chi | Steamship | Refugees | Shanghai | Dec 3, 1948 |
323 | ARA General Belgrano | Arg | Cruiser | Crew | South Atlantic | May 2, 1982 |
194 | INS Khukri | Ind | Frigate | Crew | Arabian Sea | Dec 8, 1971 |
20 | HMS Sheffield | UK | Guided missile destroyer | Crew | South Atlantic | May 4, 1982 |
Terrorist attacks
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Human sacrifice and mass suicide
This section lists notable individual episodes of mass suicide or human sacrifice. For tolls arising from the systematic practice of suicide or sacrifice, see Human sacrifice and ritual suicide.
Low Estimate |
High Estimate |
Type | Event | Group | Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 40,000 | 80,400 | Mass suicide, murder | Battle of Okinawa | Japanese civilians | Japan | 1945 |
8,000 | 8,000 | Mass suicide | Battle of Saipan | Japanese civilians | Mariana Islands | 1944 |
3,000 | 80,400 | Mass human sacrifice | re-consecration of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan | Aztecs | Templo Mayor, Tenochtitlan | 1487 |
960 | 960 | Mass suicide | Siege of Masada | Jewish zealots | Judea | 73 |
913 | 913 | Mass suicide, murder | Jonestown massacre | Peoples Temple | Guyana | 1978 |
300 | 1000 | Mass suicide | Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God | Uganda | 2000, March | |
53 | 53 | Mass suicide | Order of the Solar Temple | Switzerland, Canada | 1994 | |
39 | 39 | Mass suicide | Heaven's Gate | California | 1997 | |
16 | 16 | Mass suicide | Order of the Solar Temple | France | 1995, December 23 |
Riot or political unrest
See also
Other lists organized by death toll
- List of accidents and disasters by death toll
- List of murderers by number of victims
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- List of ongoing military conflicts
- List of disasters in Australia by death toll
- List of Canadian disasters by death toll
- List of New Zealand disasters by death toll
- List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland
- List of United States disasters by death toll
- List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll
Other lists with similar topics
- List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
- List of battles
- Lists of disasters
- Lists of earthquakes
- List of famines
- List of fires
- List of invasions
- List of events named massacres
- List of tropical cyclones
- List of riots
- List of terrorist incidents
- Lists of wars
- Lists of rail accidents
Topics dealing with similar themes
- Casualties of the Iraq War
- Democide
- Famine
- Genocide
- Genocide in history
- Infectious disease
- Mass murder
- Most lethal battles in world history
- United States casualties of war
Footnotes
- ↑ Sächsische Zeitung (Saxonian Newspaper), April 15, 2010: Mindestzahl der Dresdner Bombenopfer nach oben korrigiert[dead link] (“lowest number of Dresden raids casualties corrected upwards”)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ "Tokyo firebombing victims plan to sue government"
- ↑ Luke Harding, "Germany's forgotten victims", Guardian 22 October 2003
- ↑ Sultana: A Tragic Postscript to the Civil War
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships p235, 252
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gröner, German Warships: 1815–1945 p. 52.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Koburger, Charles W., Steel Ships, Iron Crosses, and Refugees, Praeger Publishers, NY, 1989, p.7. Koburger also notes that other equally reliable sources put the total embarked at 3,300.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crime
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ Maritime Disasters of WWII 1944, 1945
- ↑ [4]
- ↑ [5]
- ↑ [6]
- ↑ [7]
- ↑ Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-101-0 p246
- ↑ [8]
- ↑ [9]
- ↑ [10]
- ↑ Ship was sunk in violation of a safe passage agreement, apparently in error by US submarine Queenfish.
- ↑ [11]
- ↑ [12]
- ↑ [13]
- ↑ [14]
- ↑ [15]
- ↑ [16]
- ↑ [17]
- ↑ [18]
- ↑ [19]
- ↑ [20]
- ↑ [21]
- ↑ [22]
- ↑ [23]
- ↑ [24]
- ↑ [25]
- ↑ [26]
- ↑ [27]
- ↑ [28]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ [29]
- ↑ [30]
- ↑ [31]
- ↑ [32]
- ↑ [33]
- ↑ [34]
- ↑ [35]
- ↑ [36]
- ↑ [37]
- ↑ [38]
- ↑ [39]
- ↑ [40]
- ↑ [41]
- ↑ [42]
- ↑ [43]
- ↑ [44]
- ↑ Montevideo Maru
- ↑ [45]
- ↑ [46]
- ↑ [47]
- ↑ [48]
- ↑ [49]
- ↑ [50]
- ↑ [51]
- ↑ [52]
- ↑ [53]
- ↑ [54]
- ↑ [55]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ [56]
- ↑ [57]
- ↑ [58]
- ↑ [59]
- ↑ [60]
- ↑ [61]
- ↑ [62]
- ↑ [63]
- ↑ [64]
- ↑ [65]
- ↑ [66]
- ↑ [67]
- ↑ [68]
- ↑ [69]
- ↑ [70]
- ↑ [71]
- ↑ [72]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://europe.newsweek.com/female-istanbul-suicide-bombed-identified-russian-citizen-297888
- ↑ A Question of Numbers Web: IranianVoice.org August 08, 2003 Rouzegar-Now Cyrus Kadivar
External links
- Bloodiest Battles of the 20th Century
- Death Tolls for Battles of the 16th, 17th, 18th & 19th Centuries
- Wars of the 20th Century
- The world's worst massacres Whole Earth Review
- War Disaster and Genocide
- Killers of the 20th Century
- Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II
- Top 100 aviation disasters on AirDisaster.com
- Maritime disasters of World War II
- List of Maritime disasters sorted by number of casualties
- The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre: English Publication "Body Count" This publication quantifies the human death toll of religious and political violence throughout the last two millennia and relates these to religio-cultural civilizations.