List of reptiles of Europe

This is a list of European reptiles. It includes all reptiles currently found in Europe. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this, nor (with few exceptions) does it currently include species introduced in recent decades. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Also this list is incomplete.

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild

CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable

NT - Near Threatened, LC - Least Concern

DD - Data Deficient, NE - Not Evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014)

Turtles

Family: Testudinidae (Tortoises)

Subfamily: Testudininae

• Herman's Tortoise Testudo hermanni NT (ssp. hermanni: EN) (Southern Europe)
• Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudo graeca VU (ssp. nikolskii: CR) (Southern Europe)
• Marginated Tortoise Testudo marginata LC (Southern Europe)
• Horsfield's Tortoise Testudo horsfieldi VU (Russia)

Family: Emydidae (Pond turtles)

Subfamily: Emydinae

• European Pond Terrapin Emys orbicularis LR/nt
• Sicilian Pond Turtle Emys trinacris DD (Sicily)

Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

• Red-eared Slider Trachemys scripta LC (non-native)
• Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta LC (introduced to Spain and Germany)

Family: Geoemydidae

Subfamily: Geoemydinae

• Spanish Pond Turtle Mauremys leprosa (Spain, Portugal, France)
• Balkan Pond Turtle Mauremys rivulata (south-eastern Europe, Turkey)
• Caspian Turtle Mauremys caspica (Southern Europe)

Family: Cheloniidae

Subfamily: Carettinae

• Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta EN (Southern Europe)
• Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle Lepidochelys kempii CR

Subfamily: Cheloniinae

• Green Turtle Chelonia mydas EN (Southern Europe)

Family: Dermochelyidae

• Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea VU (Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: LC)

Family: Trionychidae (Softshells)

Subfamily: Trionychinae

• Nile Soft-shelled Turtle Trionyx triunguis (Mediterranean subpopulation: CR) (Greece)

Amphisbaenians, Lizards and Snakes

Amphisbaenians

Family: Blanidae (Mediterranean Worm Lizards)

• Iberian Worm Lizard Blanus cinereus LC (southern Iberia)
• Anatolian Worm Lizard Blanus strauchi LC (Aegean islands, southern Anatolia and Syria)
• Blanus mariae (Portugal)

Lizards

Family: Agamidae (Agamas)

Subfamily: Agaminae

• Caucasian Agama Agama caucasica (Ukraine and Russia)
• Stellion Agama stellio (Greek islands)
• Steppe Agama Agama sanguinolenta (Russia, Kazakhstan)
• Spotted Toadhead Agama Phrynocephalus guttatus (Russia, Kazakhstan)
• European Toad-headed Agama Phrynocephalus helioscopus LC (Ukraine and Russia)
• Secret Toadhead Agama Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Russia, Kazakhstan)

Family: Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons)

• Mediterranean Chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon LC (southern Europe)
• African Chameleon Chamaeleo africanus (Greece)

Family: Polychrotidae (Anoles)

• Green Anole Anolis carolinensis LC (Spain - introduced)

Family: Gekkonidae

• Caspian Straight-fingered Gecko Alsophylax pipiens LC (Russia)
• Caspian Naked-fingered Gecko Cyrtopodion caspium LC (Russia, Georgia)
• Kotschy's Naked-toed Gecko Cyrtopodion kotschyi LC (southern Europe)
• Mediterranean House Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus LC (southern Europe)

Family: Phyllodactylidae

• Gomero Wall Gecko Tarentola gomerensis LC (Spain)
• East Canary Gecko Tarentola angustimentalis LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Boettger's Wall Gecko Tarentola boettgeri LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Tarentola (boettgeri) bischoffi LC (Madeira archipelago in Africa - Portugal)
• Tenerife Gecko Tarentola delalandii LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Moorish Gecko Tarentola mauritanica LC (southern Europe)

Family: Sphaerodactylidae

• European Leaf-toed Gekko Euleptes europaea NT (France, Italy, Tunisia, Mediterranean islands)

Family: Lacertidae (Wall or true lizards)

Subfamily: Gallotiinae

• Large Psammodromus Psammodromus algirus LC (Conigli islet near Lampedusa island)
• Psammodromus jeanneae LC (formerly in Psammodromus algirus, Spain, France)
• Psammodromus manuelae LC (formerly in Psammodromus algirus, Spain, Portugal)
• Spanish Psammodromus Psammodromus hispanicus LC (Spain and France)
• Psammodromus occidentalis (Spain)
• Psammophilus dorsalis LC (Germany - introduced)
• Atlantic Lizard Gallotia atlantica LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Tenerife Lizard Gallotia galloti LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Boettger's Lizard Gallotia caesaris LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Tenerife Speckled Lizard Gallotia intermedia CR (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Gran Canaria Giant Lizard Gallotia stehlini LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• El Hierro Giant Lizard Gallotia simonyi CR (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• La Gomera Giant Lizard Gallotia bravoana CR (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• La Palma Giant Lizard Gallotia auaritae CR (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)

Subfamily: Lacertinae

Tribe: Eremiadini

• Red-tailed Spiny-footed Lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus LC (Africa and Southern Europe)
• Steppe Racer Eremias arguta (south-eastern Europe and Russia)
• Slender Racer Eremias velox (southern Russia)
• Snake-eyed Lizard Ophisops elegans (Mediterranean and Central Asia)
• Acanthodactylus schreiberi EN (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

Tribe: Lacertini

• Blue-throated Keeled Lizard Algyroides nigropunctatus LC (south-eastern Europe)
• Greek Algyroides Algyroides moreoticus NT (Greek islands)
• Fitzinger's Algyroides Algyroides fitzingeri LC (Corsica, Sardinia)
• Spanish Algyroides Algyroides marchi EN (Spain)
• Iberian Emerald Lizard Lacerta schreiberi NT (Iberian Peninsula)
• Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta trilineata LC (south-eastern Europe)
• European Green Lizard Lacerta viridis LC
• Western Green Lacerta Lacerta bilineata LC (formerly in Lacerta viridis)
• Sand Lizard Lacerta agilis LC
• Madeiran Wall Lizard Lacerta dugesii LC (Madeiraarchipelago in Africa - Portugal)
• Mosor Rock Lizard Lacerta mosorensis VU (Balkans)
• Greek Rock Lizard Lacerta graeca NT (Greece)
• Caucasus Emerald Lizard Lacerta strigata LC (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Medium Lizard Lacerta media LC (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Viviparous Lizard Zootoca vivipara LC (ssp pannonica: VU)
• Bedriaga's Rock Lizard Archaeolacerta bedriagae NT (Corsica, Sardinia)
• Iberian rock Lizard Iberolacerta monticola VU (Iberian Peninsula)
• Pyrenean Rock Lizard Iberolacerta bonnali NT (France, Spain)
• Aran Rock Lizard Iberolacerta aranica EN (France, Spain)
• Aurelio's Rock Lizard Iberolacerta aurelioi EN (Andorra, France, Spain)
• Horvath's Rock Lizard Iberolacerta horvathi NT (central and southern Europe)
• Iberolacerta cyreni EN (Spain)
• Iberolacerta galani NT (Spain)
• Iberolacerta martinezricai CR (Spain)
• Prokletije Rock Lizard Dinarolacerta montenegrina LC (Montenegro)
• Anatolian Rock Lizard Anatololacerta anatolica LC (formerly in Anatololacerta danfordi, Greece, Turkey)
• Anatololacerta oertzeni LC (Greece, Turkey)
• Darevskia praticola NT (Balkans, Russia, Georgia)
• Darevskia saxicola LC (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Darevskia caucasica LC (Russia, Georgia)
• Darevskia rudis LC (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Armenian Rock Lizard Darevskia armeniaca LC (Ukraine - introduced, Georgia, Turkey)
• Darevskia lindholmi (Ukraine)
• Darevskia dahli NT (Ukraine, Georgia)
• Darevskia derjugini NT (Russia, Georgia)
• Darevskia alpina VU (Russia, Georgia)
• Brauner's Rock Lizard Darevskia brauneri LC (Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Dagestan Lizard Darevskia daghestanica LC (Russia, Georgia)
• Common Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis LC
• Iberian Wall Lizard Podarcis hispanicus LC (Iberian peninsula, France, northwestern Africa
• Carbonell's Wall Lizard Podarcis carbonelli EN (Iberian Peninsula)
• Bocage's Wall Lizard Podarcis bocagei LC (Spain, France)
• Lilford's Wall Lizard Podarcis lilfordi EN (Spain)
• Ibiza Wall Lizard Podarcis pityusensis NT (Spain)
• Tyrrhenian Wall Lizard Podarcis tiliguerta LC (Sardinia, Corsica)
• Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus LC (Italy and south-eastern Europe, introduced to Spain)
• Sicilian Wall Lizard Podarcis waglerianus LC (Italy)
• Aeolian Wall Lizard Podarcis raffonei CR (Italy)
• Maltese Wall Lizard Podarcis filfolensis LC (Malta)
• Sharp-snouted Rock Lizard Podarcis oxycephala LC (Balkans)
• Dalmatian Wall Lizard Podarcis melisellensis LC (Balkans)
• Balkan Wall Lizard Podarcis tauricus LC (south-eastern Europe and Russia)
• Skyros Wall Lizard Podarcis gaigeae VU (formerly in Podarcis tauricus, Greece)
• Erhard's Wall Lizard Podarcis erhardii LC (south-eastern Europe)
• Podarcis cretensis EN (Greece, formerly in Podarcis erhardii)
• Peloponnese Wall Lizard Podarcis peloponnesiacus LC (Peloponnese)
• Milos Wall Lizard Podarcis milensis VU (Greece)
• Podarcis vaucheri LC (Spain, Portugal)
• Podarcis levendis VU (Greece)
• Moroccan Rock Lizard Scelarcis perspicillata LC (Menorca - Spain, introduced)
• Phoenicolacerta troodica LC (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
• Ocellated Lizard Timon lepidus NT (south-western Europe)
• Timon tangitanus LC (Spain - North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, old unconfirmed records)

Family: Scincidae (Skinks)

Subfamily: Scincinae

• European Snake-eyed Skink Ablepharus kitaibelii LC (south-eastern Europe)
• Ocellated Skink Chalcides ocellatus (Greece, Sicily and Sardinia)
• Bedriaga's Skink Chalcides bedriagai NT (Iberian Peninsula)
• Western Three-Toed Skink Chalcides striatus LC (France, Italy, Iberian Peninsula)
• Italian Three-Toed Skink Chalcides chalcides LC (France, Italy)
• East Canary Skink Chalcides simonyi EN (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Gran Canaria Skink Chalcides sexlineatus LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• West Canary Skink Chalcides viridanus LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Many-scaled Cylindrical Skink Chalcides polylepis LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
• Limbless Skink Ophiomorus punctatissimus LC (Greece, Turkey)
• Schneider's Skink Eumeces schneideri (Russia, Turkey)

Subfamily: Lygosomatinae / Family: Mabuyidae

• Bridled Mabuya Trachylepis vittata LC (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
• Levant Skink Trachylepis aurata LC (few islands in Greece, Turkey)

Family: Anguidae

(Sub)family: Anguinae

• Common slow-worm Anguis fragilis
• Peloponnese Slow-worm Anguis cephalonnica NT (Greece)
• Italian Slow-worm Anguis veronensis (Italy, S-E France)
• Eastern Slow-worm Anguis colchica
• Greek Slow-worm Anguis graeca
• European Glass Lizard Ophisaurus apodus (south-eastern Europe)

Snakes

Family: Typhlopidae (Blind snakes)

• Worm Snake Xerotyphlops vermicularis (south-eastern Europe)

Family: Boidae (Boas)

(Sub)family: Erycinae/Erycidae

• Sand Boa Eryx jaculus (south-eastern Europe)

Family: Colubridae (Colubrids)

Subfamily: Colubrinae

• Western Whip Snake Hierophis viridiflavus LC (south-western Europe, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia)
• Caspian WhipSnake Dolichophis caspius (south-eastern Europe, Turkey)
• Large Whip Snake Dolichophis jugularis LC (south-eastern Europe)
• Red-Bellied Racer Dolichophis schmidti LC (Russia, Turkey, Georgia)
• Horseshoe Whip Snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis LC (Italy, Iberian Peninsula)
• Spotted Whip Snake Hemorrhois ravergieri (Greece, Turkey, Georgia)
• Algerian Whip Snake Hemorrhois algirus LC (Malta)
• Coin Snake, Hemorrhois nummifer (has been mentioned from European Turkey but actual presence in Europe remains unconfirmed and demands substantiation)
• Red Whip Snake Platyceps collaris LC (Bulgaria, Turkey)
• Dahl's Whip Snake Platyceps najadum LC (south-eastern Europe)
• Balkan Whip Snake Hierophis gemonensis LC (south-eastern Europe)
• Cyprus Whip Snake Hierophis cypriensis EN (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
• Asia Minor Dwarf Racer Eirenis modestus LC (Greece, Russia, Turkey, Georgia)
• Collared Dwarf Racer Eirenis collaris LC (Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia)
• Four-lined Snake Elaphe quatuorlineata NT (south-eastern Europe)
• Blotched snake Elaphe sauromates (eastern and south-eastern Europe)
• Steppes RatSnakes Elaphe dione (Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan)
• Ladder Snake Rhinechis scalaris LC (Iberian Peninsula, France)
• Transcaucasian Rat Snake Zamenis hohenackeri LC (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Leopard Snake Zamenis situla LC (southern Europe)
• Aesculapian Snake Zamenis longissimus LC
• Italian Aesculapian Snake Zamenis lineatus DD (Italy)
• Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca
• Southern Smooth Snake Coronella girondica LC (Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy)
• European Cat Snake Telescopus fallax LC (south-eastern Europe)
• False Smooth Snake Macroprotodon brevis NT (Iberian peninsula)
• False Smooth Snake Macroprotodon cucullatus LC (Iberian peninsula)

(Sub)family: Natricinde/Natricinae

• Viperine Water Snake Natrix maura LC
• Grass Snake Natrix natrix LR/lc (ssp. cetti: CR, schweizeri: CR)
• Dice Snake Natrix tessellata LC
• Large-headed Water Snake Natrix megalocephala VU (Russia, Turkey, Georgia)

Family: Lamprophiidae

Subfamily: Psammophiinae

• Montpellier Snake Malpolon monspessulanus LC (southwestern Europe)
• Eastern Montpellier Snake Malpolon insignitus (southeastern Europe)

Family: Viperidae

Subfamily: Viperinae

• Caucasus Viper Vipera kaznakovi EN (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
• Orsini's Viper, Meadow Viper Vipera ursinii VU (ssp. moldavica: CR, ssp. rakosiensis: EN) (south-eastern France, central Italy, west Balkans, northern Greece, Hungary, Romania)
• European Adder Vipera berus LC
• Seoane's Viper Vipera seoanei LC (Iberia)
• Asp Viper Vipera aspis LC (south-western Europe, Italy and Switzerland)
• Lataste's Viper Vipera latastei VU (Iberia)
• Nose-horned Viper Vipera ammodytes LC (south-eastern Europe, Hungary and Austria)
• Ottoman Viper Vipera xanthina LC (Greece)
• Nikolsky's Adder Vipera nikolskii (Ukraine)
• Meadow Viper Vipera renardi (Russia)
• Magnificent Viper Vipera magnifica EN (Russia)
• Orlov's Viper Vipera orlovi CR (Russia)
• Lotiev's Viper Vipera lotievi NT (Russia, Georgia)
• Caucasus Subalpine Viper Vipera dinniki VU (Russia, Georgia)
• Milos Viper Macrovipera schweizeri EN (Islands of Milos, Kimolos, Polyaigos, Sifnos)
• Blunt-nosed Viper Macrovipera lebetina (southern Russia, Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

Subfamily: Crotalinae

• Halys Pit Viper Gloydius halys (Russia, Kazakhstan)

See also

• List of European amphibians
• List of European birds
• List of European mammals
• List of extinct animals of Europe
• List of reptiles of Turkey
• List of reptiles of Caucasus region

Further reading

• Arnold N., Ovenden D., Collins Field Guide, Reptiles & Amphibians Britain & Europe, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 2002, ISBN 0-00-219964-5
• Engelmann W., Fritzsche J., Günthner R., Obst F., Beobachten und bestimmen, Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1985

External links

• The Reptile Database
• Snakes of Europe, a wikibook