List of rivers by discharge
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This article lists rivers by their average discharge measured in descending order of their water flow rate. Here, only those rivers whose discharge is more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) are shown. It can be thought of as a list of the biggest rivers on earth, measured by a specific metric.
For context, the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool is 2,500 m3. The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The combined flow of all the rivers in this list adds up to 1,192,134 m3/s.
No | Continent | River | Average discharge (m3/s) |
Length | Drainage area (km2) |
Outflow | Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(km) | (miles) | |||||||
1 | South America | Amazon | 224,000 | 6,992 | 4,344 | 6,915,000 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[1] |
2 | Asia | Ganges | 43,900 | 2,510 | 1,560 | 1,999,000 | Bay of Bengal | Primary river |
3 | Africa | Congo (Zaire) | 41,200 | 4,370 | 2,716 | 3,822,000 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[1] |
4 | South America | Orinoco | 37,740 | 2,250 | 1,398 | 989,000 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[2] |
5 | South America | Guainía/Negro | 35,943 | 2,230 | 1,390 | 691,000 | Amazon River | Tributary river[3][not in citation given] |
6 | Asia | Yangtze | 35,000 | 6,300 | 3,915 | 1,840,000 | East China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[1] |
7 | South America | Madeira | 31,200 | 1,450 | 900 | 1,376,000 | Amazon River | Tributary river[4][self-published source?][5]Template:Outdated source |
8 | South America | Río de la Plata | 27,225 | 290 | 180 | 3,182,064 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[6] |
9 | Asia | Brahmaputra | 19,825 | 3,969 | 2,466 | 651,335 | Ganges (Padma) | Tributary river[7] |
10 | Asia | Yenisei | 19,800 | 3,438 | 2,136 | 2,580,000 | Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[1] |
11 | South America | Paraná | 19,706 | 4,880 | 3,050 | 2,582,672 | Río de la Plata | Tributary river[6] |
12 | Asia | Ganges at Farakka | 18,691 | 2,800 | 1,739 | 1,300,000 | Bay of Bengal | Primary river[7] |
13 | North America | Mississippi | 18,434 | 3,766 | 2,340 | 3,248,000 | Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[8][9] |
14 | South America | Japurá (Caquetá) | 18,122 | 2,036 | 1,265 | 267,730 | Amazon River | Tributary river[10][11] |
15 | Asia | Lena | 17,067 | 4,294 | 2,668 | 2,490,000 | Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[1][12] |
16 | North America | Saint Lawrence | 16,800 | 500 | 310 | 1,344,200 | Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[13] |
17 | South America | Marañón | 16,708 | 1,737 | 1,079 | 358,000 | Amazon River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
18 | Asia | Mekong | 16,000 | 4,023 | 2,500 | 811,000 | South China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[1] |
19 | Asia | Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) | 15,112 | 2,210 | 1,370 | 413,710 | Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean | Primary river[7] |
20 | South America | Tapajós | 13,540 | 840 | 520 | 492,481 | Amazon River | Tributary river[14][self-published source?] |
21 | South America | Ucayali | 13,385 | 2,670 | 1,659 | 351,549 | Amazon River | Tributary river[15] |
22 | Asia | Ob | 13,100 | 4,345 | 2,299 | 2,990,000 | Gulf of Ob, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[1] |
23 | South America | Tocantins | 11,796 | 2,699 | 1,677 | 764,183 | Atlantic Ocean, Pará | Primary river[note 1][16] |
24 | Asia | Amur | 11,330 | 4,444 | 1,755 | 1,855,000 | Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[17][18] |
25 | Africa | Kasai (Kwa) | 11,318 | 2,272 | 1,405 | 881,890 | Congo River | Tributary river[19] |
26 | South America | Purus | 10,970 | 3,211 | 1,995 | 371,042 | Amazon River | Tributary river[14][20] |
27 | North America | Mackenzie | 10,338 | 1,738 | 1,080 | 1,787,000 | Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[1] |
28 | South America | Xingu | 9,680 | 2,240 | 1,392 | 531,250 | Amazon River | Tributary river[14][21] |
29 | Asia | Pearl (Xi) | 9,500 | 2,400 | 1,491 | 437,000 | South China Sea | Primary river[22] |
30 | South America | Madre de Dios | 9,350 | 1,347 | 837 | 282,000 | Madeira River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
31 | South America | Putumayo (Içá) | 8,520 | 1,813 | 1,121 | 148,000 | Amazon River | Tributary river[23] |
32 | Europe | Volga | 8,220 | 3,531 | 2,194 | 1,380,000 | Caspian Sea | Primary river[citation needed] |
33 | South America | Mamoré | 8,150 | 1,930 | 1,199 | 611,800 | Madeira River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
34 | North America | Ohio | 7,957 | 1,579 | 981 | 490,601 | Mississippi River[note 2] | Tributary river[24] |
35 | Africa | Niger | 7,900 | 4,200 | 2,600 | 2,117,000 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[25][26] |
36 | South America | Guaviare | 7,529 | 1,497 | 930 | 140,000 | Orinoco River | Tributary river[2] |
37 | North America | Columbia | 7,504 | 2,044 | 1,243 | 668,217 | Pacific Ocean | Primary river[27] |
38 | Oceania | Fly | 7,500 | 1,060 | 649 | 76,000 | Gulf of Papua, Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[28] |
39 | South America | Magdalena | 7,200 | 1,540 | 963 | 257,438 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
40 | South America | Uruguay | 7,058 | 1,838 | 1,140 | 353,451 | Río de la Plata | Tributary river[6] |
41 | Oceania | Sepik | 7,000 | 1,146 | 700 | 80,321 | Bismarck Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[29] |
42 | North America | Yukon | 6,800 | 3,187 | 1,980 | 850,000 | Bering Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[1] |
43 | South America | Napo | 6,660 | 1,075 | 665 | 100,518 | Amazon River | Tributary river[30] |
44 | Asia | Salween | 6,600 | 2,815 | 1,749 | 320,000 | Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
45 | Europe | Danube | 6,546 | 2,860 | 1,777 | 801,463 | Black Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[31] |
46 | Asia | Kapuas | 6,500 | 1,143 | 710 | 98,749 | South China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
47 | South America | Araguaia | 6,420 | 2,627 | 1,632 | 377,000 | Tocantins River | Tributary river[32][10] |
48 | South America | Juruá | 6,004 | 3,283 | 1,498 | 186,000 | Amazon | Tributary river[33] |
49 | Africa | Ubangi (Oubangui) | 5,936 | 2,272 | 1,405 | 651,915 | Congo River | Tributary river[34] |
50 | North America | Niagara | 5,885 | 58 | 36 | 684,000 | Lake Ontario | Tributary river[35] |
51 | South America | Meta | 5,694 | 1,200 | 742 | 103,000 | Orinoco River | Tributary river[2] |
52 | South America | Essequibo | 5,650 | 1,014 | 627 | 150,769 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[36] |
53 | Asia | Meghna | 5,603 | 165 | 588 | 85,401 | Lower (Meghna) | Tributary river[37] |
54 | Asia | Indus | 5,533 | 3,180 | 2,000 | 1,081,718 | Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean | Primary river[38] |
55 | Oceania | Mamberamo | 5,500 | 1,175 | 727 | 78,992 | Pacific Ocean | Primary river[39] |
56 | Asia | Barito | 5,497 | 1,090 | 550 | 81,675 | Java Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[40] |
57 | Asia | Aldan | 5,489 | 2,273 | 1,412 | 729,000 | Lena River | Tributary river[10] |
58 | South America | Branco | 5,400 | 775 | 479 | 195,000 | Rio Negro | Tributary river[citation needed] |
59 | North America | Detroit | 5,300 | 44 | 28 | 1,800 | Lake Erie | Primary river[note 3][citation needed] |
60 | South America | Javari | 5,224 | 1,184 | 732 | 109,680 | Amazon River | Tributary river[41][42] |
61 | North America | St. Clair | 5,200 | 65 | 40 | 583,000 | Lake St. Clair | Tributary river[43] |
62 | Asia | Mahakam | 5,000 | 980 | 609 | 77,095 | Makassar Strait, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[44] |
63 | South America | Caroní | 4,981 | 952 | 595 | 95,000 | Orinoco | Tributary river[2] |
64 | Africa | Ogooué (Ogowe) | 4,935 | 1,200 | 747 | 223,856 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[45] |
65 | South America | Paraguay | 4,696 | 2,621 | 1,629 | 1,120,154 | Parana River | Tributary river[6] |
66 | Asia | Chindwin | 4,636 | 1,207 | 750 | 114,000 | Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
67 | Europe | Pechora | 4,533 | 1,809 | 1,124 | 289,532 | Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
68 | Asia | Angara | 4,530 | 1,779 | 1,100 | 1,079,000 | Yenisei River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
69 | Africa | Ruki | 4,500 | 1,300 | 804 | 173,790 | Congo River | Tributary river[46] |
70 | South America | Juruena | 4,350 | 1,240 | 770 | 192,628 | Tapajós | Tributary river[citation needed] |
71 | Asia | Red (Hong) | 4,300 | 1,149 | 714 | 143,600 | Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[47] |
72 | Asia | Kolyma | 4,190 | 2,129 | 1,317 | 644,000 | East Siberian Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
73 | South America | Atrato | 4,140 | 750 | 466 | 36,231 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[48][49] |
74 | Africa | Zambezi | 4,134 | 2,400 | 1,599 | 1,331,000 | Indian Ocean | Primary river[50] |
75 | Europe | Kama | 4,100 | 1,805 | 1,122 | 507,000 | Volga River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
76 | South America | Apaporis | 4,092 | 1,370 | 847 | 54,300 | Japurá River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
77 | South America | Aripuanã | 4,087 | 870 | 540 | 145,000 | Madeira River | Tributary river[51] |
78 | South America | Vaupés/Uaupes | 4,040 | 1,050 | 649 | 67,800 | Rio Negro | Tributary river[citation needed] |
79 | Oceania | Digul | 4,000 | 853 | 530 | 45,900 | Arafura Sea | Primary river[citation needed] |
80 | Oceania | Strickland | 4,000 | 824 | 512 | 36,740 | Fly | Tributary river[52] |
81 | South America | Teles Pires | 4,000 | 1,638 | 1,013 | 141,718 | Tapajós | Tributary river[citation needed] |
82 | South America | Huallaga | 3,796 | 1,138 | 704 | 95,000 | Marañón | Tributary river[53] |
83 | Asia | Nizhnyaya Tunguska | 3,697 | 2,989 | 1,848 | 473,000 | Yenisei River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
84 | North America | Grijalva/Usumacinta | 3,661 | 1,000 | 620 | 134,400 | Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[54] |
85 | Asia | Rajang | 3,600 | 563 | 350 | 50,707 | South China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[55] |
86 | South America | Caura | 3,545 | 723 | 449 | 52,000 | Orinoco River | Tributary river[2] |
87 | Asia | Godavari | 3,505 | 1,465 | 910 | 312,812 | Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
88 | Africa | Benue | 3,477 | 1,370 | 847 | 319,000 | Niger River | Tributary river[56] |
89 | North America | Fraser | 3,475 | 1,375 | 854 | 220,000 | Pacific Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
90 | Asia | Kaladan | 3,468 | 450 | 278 | 40,000 | Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
91 | South America | Jutai | 3,462 | 1,200 | 742 | 74,000 | Amazon River | Tributary river[57] |
92 | Asia | Lohit | 3,438 | 460 | 285 | 50,000 | Brahmaputra | Tributary river[54] |
93 | Europe | Northern Dvina | 3,332 | 744 | 462 | 357,052 | White Sea, Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[18][self-published source?] |
94 | Asia | Khatanga | 3,320 | 1,636 | 1,012 | 364,000 | Khatanga Gulf, Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
95 | Oceania | Purari | 3,300 | 630 | 390 | 33,670 | Gulf of Papua, Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[58] |
96 | Oceania | Kikori | 3,274 | 405 | 250 | 23,309 | Gulf of Papua, Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
97 | South America | Inírida | 3,200 | 1,300 | 804 | 54,000 | Guaviare River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
98 | Oceania | Pulau | 3,133 | 569 | 353 | 37,164 | Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[58] |
99 | Asia | Musi | 3,054 | 759 | 471 | 59,942 | South China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[59] |
100 | Asia | Subansiri | 3,003 | 442 | 275 | 35,763 | Brahmaputra | Tributary river[60] |
101 | Asia | Ghaghara | 2,993 | 1,080 | 671 | 127,950 | Ganga River | Tributary river[61] |
102 | Asia | Irtysh | 2,980 | 4,248 | 2,627 | 1,673,470 | Ob River | Tributary river |
103 | Asia | Shatt al-Arab | 2,960 | 200 | 120 | 884,000 | Persian Gulf | Primary river[62] |
104 | Asia | Yamuna | 2,949 | 1,376 | 855 | 366,223 | Ganga River | Tributary river[61] |
105 | South America | São Francisco | 2,943 | 2,830 | 1,758 | 641,000 | Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
106 | Asia | Srepok | 2,940 | 450 | 279 | 79,015 | Mekong | Tributary river[54] |
107 | Asia | Panjnad | 2,910 | 71 | 44 | 395,000 | Indus | Tributary river[63] |
108 | Europe | Rhine | 2,900 | 1,233 | 820 | 198,735 | North Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[64] |
109 | Asia | Yarlung Tsangpo | 2,899 | 1,125 | 699 | 241,691 | Brahmaputra | Tributary River[65] |
110 | South America | Beni | 2,875 | 1,100 | 680 | 131,500 | Madre de Dios River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
111 | Asia | Gan | 2,861 | 599 | 372 | 103,107 | Yangtze River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
112 | South America | Trombetas | 2,855 | 1,060 | 656 | 135,239 | Amazon River | Tributary river[citation needed] |
113 | Asia | Min | 2,850 | 735 | 133,000 | Yangtze River | Tributary river[67] | |
114 | Africa | Nile | 2,810 | 6,853 | 4,258 | 3,349,000 | Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[1] |
115 | North America | Koksoak | 2,800 | 137 | 85 | 133,400 | Ungava Bay, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
116 | South America | Pastaza | 2,769 | 740 | 458 | 41,000 | Marañón | Tributary river[53] |
117 | South America | Iriri | 2,745 | 1,300 | 810 | 130,000 | Xingu River | Tributary river |
118 | South America | Tigre | 2,720 | 940 | 581 | 54,200 | Marañón | Tributary river[53] |
119 | South America | Cuyuni | 2,719 | 618 | 384 | 85,635 | Essequibo | Tributary river[68] |
120 | Africa | Kwango | 2,700 | 1,100 | 680 | 263,500 | Kasai River | Tributary river |
121 | Asia | Mali Hka | 2,693 | 320 | 200 | 23,221 | Irrawaddy | Tributary river[69] |
122 | Asia | Batang Hari | 2,643 | 800 | 497 | 46,504 | South China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[59] |
123 | Asia | Yellow | 2,571 | 5,464 | 3,395 | 752,000 | East China Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river |
124 | Asia | Pyasina | 2,550 | 818 | 508 | 182,000 | Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean | Primary river |
125 | Asia | Amu Darya | 2,525 | 2,400 | 1,491 | 534,739 | Aral Sea | Primary river |
126 | Africa | Sankuru | 2,500 | 1,200 | 756 | 156,000 | Kasai River | Tributary river |
127 | South America | Tietê | 2,500 | 1,150 | 715 | 150,000 | Paraná River | Tributary river |
128 | Asia | Koshi | 2,500 | 729 | 453 | 69,300 | Ganga River | Tributary river[61] |
129 | Africa | Sangha | 2,471 | 790 | 489 | 213,400 | Congo River | Tributary river |
130 | Africa | Cross | 2,465 | 489 | 304 | 53,590 | Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[54] |
131 | Asia | Songhua | 2,463 | 1,434 | 887 | 557,180 | Amur River | Tributary river |
132 | Asia | Ghorautra | 2,463 | 90 | 56 | 24,060 | Meghna | Tributary river[37] |
133 | Asia | Kayan | 2,454 | 576 | 358 | 33,005 | Celebes Sea, Pacific Ocean | Primary river[70] |
134 | Europe | Neva | 2,445 | 74 | 46 | 281,000 | Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[71] |
135 | North America | Missouri | 2,445 | 3,767 | 2,341 | 1,371,010 | Mississippi River | Tributary river[18] |
136 | North America | Liard | 2,434 | 1,115 | 693 | 277,100 | Mackenzie River | Tributary river |
137 | South America | Guapore | 2,430 | 1,260 | 783 | 341,000 | Mamoré River | Tributary river |
138 | South America | Ituí | 2,422 | 558 | 347 | 43,403 | Javari | Tributary river[41][42] |
139 | South America | Rio Grande | 2,400 | 1,360 | 841 | 143,000 | Paraná River | Tributary river |
140 | South America | Paragua | 2,389 | 550 | 340 | 39,605 | Caroní | Tributary river[72] |
141 | North America | Nelson | 2,370 | 2,575 | 1600 | 982,900 | Hudson Bay, Arctic Ocean | Primary river[citation needed] |
142 | South America | Cauca | 2,364 | 1,180 | 730 | 59,840 | Magdalena River | Tributary river |
143 | South America | Yarí | 2,360 | 620 | 383 | 31,650 | Japurá River | Tributary river |
144 | South America | Urubamba | 2,330 | 724 | 448 | 60,300 | Ucayali | Tributary river[53] |
145 | South America | Apure | 2,300 | 1,038 | 645 | 121,400 | Orinoco River | Tributary river[2] |
146 | South America | Uatumã | 2,291 | 701 | 436 | 67,920 | Amazon | Tributary river[73] |
147 | South America | Içana | 2,279 | 676 | 420 | 35,675 | Rio Negro | Tributary river[74] |
148 | South America | Jamanxim | 2,217 | 666 | 414 | 58,771 | Tapajós | Tributary river[75] |
149 | Asia | Krishna River | 2,213 | 1,400 | 870 | 258,948 | Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean | Primary river |
150 | Africa | Aruwimi | 2,200 | 1,287 | 799 | 116,100 | Congo River | Tributary river[76] |
151 | North America | Red River | 2,187 | 2,190 | 1,360 | 239,195 | Atchafalaya | Tributary river[77] |
152 | Asia | Xiang | 2,157 | 948 | 589 | 94,721 | Yangtze River | Tributary river |
153 | South America | Curaray | 2,155 | 800 | 500 | 26,775 | Napo | Tributary river[53] |
154 | North America | Tennessee | 2,140 | 1,049 | 652 | 105,870 | Ohio | Tributary river[78] |
155 | North America | St. Marys | 2,135 | 120 | 75 | 127,700 | Lake Huron | Tributary river |
156 | South America | Canumã | 2,135 | 900 | 560 | 52,433 | Madeira | Tributary river[79] |
157 | Asia | Jialing | 2,120 | 1,345 | 836 | 160,000 | Yangtze River | Tributary river[67] |
158 | Asia | Mahanadi | 2,119 | 900 | 560 | 141,600 | Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean | Primary river |
159 | North America | Mobile | 2,118 | 72 | 45 | 112,530 | Mobile Bay, Gulf of Mexico | Primary river[80] |
160 | North America | Peace | 2,110 | 1,923 | 1,195 | 306,000 | Slave River | Tributary river |
161 | Asia | Olyokma | 2,110 | 1,436 | 892 | 210,000 | Lena River | Tributary river |
162 | Asia | Yuan | 2,106 | 864 | 537 | 93,287 | Yangtze | Tributary river[81] |
163 | South America | Ji-Paraná | 2,100 | 820 | 510 | 76,127 | Madeira | Tributary river[82] |
164 | South America | Jacuí | 2,087 | 723 | 449 | 71,808 | Lagoa dos Patos | Primary river[83] |
165 | Africa | Sanaga | 2,072 | 1,067 | 663 | 132,990 | Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic Ocean | Primary river[76] |
166 | South America | San Juan | 2,055 | 380 | 240 | 15,000 | Pacific Ocean | Primary river |
167 | Asia | Hongshui | 2,049 | 669.6 | 416.1 | 141,674 | Xi River | Tributary river |
168 | Africa | Lulonga | 2,040 | 200 | 120 | 76,950 | Congo | Tributary river[84] |
169 | Asia | Gandaki | 2,025 | 814 | 506 | 46,300 | Ganga River | Tributary river |
170 | Asia | Anadyr | 2,020 | 1,150 | 710 | 191,000 | Gulf of Anadyr, Bering Sea | Primary river[85] |
171 | South America | Ventuari | 2,000 | 520 | 322 | 40,000 | Orinoco River | Tributary river |
172 | South America | Vichada | 2,000 | 580 | 359 | 25,000 | Orinoco River | Tributary river |
File:Relative Size of the Largest Rivers on Earth.png
Relative Size of the Largest Rivers on Earth
See also
- Lists of rivers
- List of drainage basins by area
- List of rivers by dissolved load
- List of rivers by length
- List of rivers of India by discharge
- List of U.S. rivers by discharge
- List of waterfalls by flow rate
Notes
- ↑ Amazon river water flows into its estuary through Santa Mario River Channel
- ↑ Because it has a larger discharge than the Mississippi River at their confluence, the Ohio River is technically the main stream of the Mississippi River System
- ↑ If considered a river. The Detroit River may also be seen as a strait connecting Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie and separating the Lower Peninsula of Michigan from the Ontario Peninsula.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) e Secretaria Nacional de Recursos Hídricos ([1])
- ↑ R. Ziesler and G.D. Ardizzone: The Inland Waters of Latin America. COPESCAL Technical Paper No. 1, FAO, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, Rome 1979 [2]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[page needed]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 GRDC Database Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. ISBN 978-0-12-088253-3. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Hydrographi Region of The Amazon
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Rivers of the Earth[unreliable source?] Archived August 14, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[page needed]
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Rhine case study; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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