Long-wattled umbrellabird

Long-wattled umbrellabird
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Cephalopterus penduliger at Skansen, Stockholm
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Cotingidae
Genus:	Cephalopterus
Species:	C. penduliger
Binomial name
Cephalopterus penduliger Sclater, 1859

The long-wattled umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger) is a passerine bird belonging to the family Cotingidae, endemic to the western slopes of Chocó in Colombia and Ecuador. The male is about 51 cm (20 in) long and is a black bird with a large casque-shaped crest on the head and a long, feather-covered wattle on the breast. The loud call is only heard in the breeding season. The female is considerably smaller, with a smaller crest and wattle.

The long-wattled umbrellabird forages for lizards, insects and fruit, especially palm nuts, in the canopies of trees in humid rainforests. A nest was seen for the first time in 2003. This is a shy, uncommon species, sensitive to habitat destruction and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as being a "vulnerable species".

Distribution

This species can be found in a relatively narrow belt along the Pacific slopes of the Chocó of western Colombia and Ecuador.

Habitat

The long-wattled umbrellabird lives in the canopies of tall trees in wet and humid forests at an elevation of 80–1,800 metres (260–5,910 ft) above sea level.

File:Cephalopterus penduligerIbisV1-1859-p003AA.jpg

Illustration of Cephalopterus penduliger. J. Wolf - Ibis volume 1 (1859)

It is sensitive to habitat destruction, and its large size make it easy to hunt. Furthermore, only a few of the populations live within protected areas, so the bird is now considered vulnerable.

Description

The long-wattled umbrellabird is a large black bird with a body length reaching 51 centimeters in the males. Females are only about half the size of the males. In the males the head of these birds shows an impressive overhanging crest, extending over the bill, composed by hair-like feathers.

The bird's common name comes from the a long, inflatable wattle hanging from central chest of the male, which is up to 35 cm long and covered in short, scaly feathers. This wattle may be inflated during the elaborate courtship. In the females, by contrast, the wattle and the crest are reduced.

These birds are usually silent, but in breeding season, the males shout a loud call. The nest of this bird was first seen by scientists in 2003. Building the nest and brooding the chicks is in the sole responsibility of the female. The diet of the long-wattled umbrellabird is composed of insects, lizards and fruit, especially palm-nuts.

References

• Tim Flannery and Peter Schouten. Astonishing Animals: Extraordinary Creatures and the Fantastic Worlds They Inhabit. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004. Page 26

Further reading

• Snow, D.W. (1982). The Cotingas: Bellbirds, Umbrella birds and their allies. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-19-858511-X

External links

• A classification of the bird species of South America at Museum.lsu.edu
• Birdlife
• The Internet Bird Collections
• Arkive
• EoL
• Encyclopedia Britannica